Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷíh₁

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *kʷí- +‎ *-h₁.

Adverb

*kʷíh₁^[1]^[2]

how?

Alternative reconstructions

*kʷiH^[3]

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *čī^[4]
- Albanian: si (or from *kʷey^[5])
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kīˀ
- Proto-Slavic: *či (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *hwī (or from *kʷey) (see there for further descendants)
>? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čiH
- Proto-Iranian:
  - Old Avestan: 𐬗𐬍 (cī) (hapax, if not to be interpreted as part of larger term)
- ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číHant-
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: कियत् (kíyat) (with analogical क्- (k-))
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - ⇒ Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠ciyā̆karam⁠/, “how great?”, adv.)
- ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *číHwant-
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Vedic Sanskrit: कीवत् (kī́vat) (with analogical क्- (k-))
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬗𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬧𐬙 (cuuaṇt)
Proto-Italic: *kʷī
- Latin: quī (“how? why?”) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 464
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “quis, quae, quid”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 510: “ins. *kʷih₁”
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*či”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 88-89: “PIE *kʷiH”
^ Forschungen, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 225
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “si”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 395

[1] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 464

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “quis, quae, quid”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 510: “ins. *kʷih₁”

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*či”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 88-89: “PIE *kʷiH”

[4] Forschungen, Stefan, Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 225

[5] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “si”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 395

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