Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷetwr̥tós
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
Etymology
Determiner
*kʷetwr̥tós[3]
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *kʷetwr̥tós | *kʷetwr̥téh₂ | |
| genitive | *kʷetwr̥tósyo | *kʷetwr̥téh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷetwr̥tós | *kʷetwr̥tóh₁ | *kʷetwr̥tóes |
| vocative | *kʷetwr̥té | *kʷetwr̥tóh₁ | *kʷetwr̥tóes |
| accusative | *kʷetwr̥tóm | *kʷetwr̥tóh₁ | *kʷetwr̥tóms |
| genitive | *kʷetwr̥tósyo | *? | *kʷetwr̥tóHom |
| ablative | *kʷetwr̥téad | *? | *kʷetwr̥tómos, *kʷetwr̥tóbʰos |
| dative | *kʷetwr̥tóey | *? | *kʷetwr̥tómos, *kʷetwr̥tóbʰos |
| locative | *kʷetwr̥téy, *kʷetwr̥tóy | *? | *kʷetwr̥tóysu |
| instrumental | *kʷetwr̥tóh₁ | *? | *kʷetwr̥tṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷetwr̥téh₂ | *kʷetwr̥téh₂h₁(e) | *kʷetwr̥téh₂es |
| vocative | *kʷetwr̥téh₂ | *kʷetwr̥téh₂h₁(e) | *kʷetwr̥téh₂es |
| accusative | *kʷetwr̥tā́m | *kʷetwr̥téh₂h₁(e) | *kʷetwr̥téh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *kʷetwr̥téh₂s | *? | *kʷetwr̥téh₂oHom |
| ablative | *kʷetwr̥téh₂s | *? | *kʷetwr̥téh₂mos, *kʷetwr̥téh₂bʰos |
| dative | *kʷetwr̥téh₂ey | *? | *kʷetwr̥téh₂mos, *kʷetwr̥téh₂bʰos |
| locative | *kʷetwr̥téh₂, *kʷetwr̥téh₂i | *? | *kʷetwr̥téh₂su |
| instrumental | *kʷetwr̥téh₂h₁ | *? | *kʷetwr̥téh₂mis, *kʷetwr̥téh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷetwr̥tóm | *kʷetwr̥tóy(h₁) | *kʷetwr̥téh₂ |
| vocative | *kʷetwr̥tóm | *kʷetwr̥tóy(h₁) | *kʷetwr̥téh₂ |
| accusative | *kʷetwr̥tóm | *kʷetwr̥tóy(h₁) | *kʷetwr̥téh₂ |
| genitive | *kʷetwr̥tósyo | *? | *kʷetwr̥tóHom |
| ablative | *kʷetwr̥téad | *? | *kʷetwr̥tómos, *kʷetwr̥tóbʰos |
| dative | *kʷetwr̥tóey | *? | *kʷetwr̥tómos, *kʷetwr̥tóbʰos |
| locative | *kʷetwr̥téy, *kʷetwr̥tóy | *? | *kʷetwr̥tóysu |
| instrumental | *kʷetwr̥tóh₁ | *? | *kʷetwr̥tṓys |
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ketwirtas
- Proto-Slavic: *četvьrtъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *kʷetrutos
- Gaulish: paetrute
- Proto-Germanic: *fedurþô (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *kʷétwərtos
- Mycenaean Greek: 𐀤𐀵𐀫 (qe-to-ro)
- Ancient Greek: τέταρτος (tétartos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: चतुर्थ (caturthá) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Italic: *kʷawortos
- Latin: quārtus (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ketvirtas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 241-242
- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, page 132
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1472