Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kruh₂rós
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *krewh₂- (“blood outside the body”) + *-rós (Caland system suffix).
Adjective
*kruh₂rós (non-ablauting)
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *kruh₂rós | *kruh₂réh₂ | |
| genitive | *kruh₂rósyo | *kruh₂réh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kruh₂rós | *kruh₂róh₁ | *kruh₂róes |
| vocative | *kruh₂ré | *kruh₂róh₁ | *kruh₂róes |
| accusative | *kruh₂róm | *kruh₂róh₁ | *kruh₂róms |
| genitive | *kruh₂rósyo | *? | *kruh₂róHom |
| ablative | *kruh₂réad | *? | *kruh₂rómos, *kruh₂róbʰos |
| dative | *kruh₂róey | *? | *kruh₂rómos, *kruh₂róbʰos |
| locative | *kruh₂réy, *kruh₂róy | *? | *kruh₂róysu |
| instrumental | *kruh₂róh₁ | *? | *kruh₂rṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kruh₂réh₂ | *kruh₂réh₂h₁(e) | *kruh₂réh₂es |
| vocative | *kruh₂réh₂ | *kruh₂réh₂h₁(e) | *kruh₂réh₂es |
| accusative | *kruh₂rā́m | *kruh₂réh₂h₁(e) | *kruh₂réh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *kruh₂réh₂s | *? | *kruh₂réh₂oHom |
| ablative | *kruh₂réh₂s | *? | *kruh₂réh₂mos, *kruh₂réh₂bʰos |
| dative | *kruh₂réh₂ey | *? | *kruh₂réh₂mos, *kruh₂réh₂bʰos |
| locative | *kruh₂réh₂, *kruh₂réh₂i | *? | *kruh₂réh₂su |
| instrumental | *kruh₂réh₂h₁ | *? | *kruh₂réh₂mis, *kruh₂réh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kruh₂róm | *kruh₂róy(h₁) | *kruh₂réh₂ |
| vocative | *kruh₂róm | *kruh₂róy(h₁) | *kruh₂réh₂ |
| accusative | *kruh₂róm | *kruh₂róy(h₁) | *kruh₂réh₂ |
| genitive | *kruh₂rósyo | *? | *kruh₂róHom |
| ablative | *kruh₂réad | *? | *kruh₂rómos, *kruh₂róbʰos |
| dative | *kruh₂róey | *? | *kruh₂rómos, *kruh₂róbʰos |
| locative | *kruh₂réy, *kruh₂róy | *? | *kruh₂róysu |
| instrumental | *kruh₂róh₁ | *? | *kruh₂rṓys |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kruHrás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kruHrás
- Sanskrit: क्रूर (krūrá)
- Proto-Iranian: *xruHráh
- Avestan: 𐬑𐬭𐬏𐬛𐬀 (xrūda)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kruHrás
- Proto-Italic: *krūros
- Latin: crūdus (see there for further descendants)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “crūdus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146