Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ní

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    Possibly from *h₁én / *én (“in”).[1]

    Adverb

    *ní[1][2][3]

    1. down

    Derived terms

    • *ni-téro-s[4]
      • Proto-Germanic: *niþer
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
          • Sanskrit: नितराम् (nitarā́m, “downwards”)
    • *ni-h₃kʷ- (“looking down”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *ni-sd-ós (see there for further descendants)

    Descendants

    • Proto-Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: ն- (n-) (as in նստիմ (nstim, “to sit down”))
      • Old Armenian: նի- (ni-)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *nizъ (< *ní ǵʰi, with long *i from *nicь[1]) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *ni-
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ní (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 559-564
    2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “ní”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 40-41
    3. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ní”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 344-345
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*niþera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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