Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/penkʷtós
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative forms
Etymology
Determiner
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *penkʷtós | *penkʷtéh₂ | |
| genitive | *penkʷtósyo | *penkʷtéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *penkʷtós | *penkʷtóh₁ | *penkʷtóes |
| vocative | *penkʷté | *penkʷtóh₁ | *penkʷtóes |
| accusative | *penkʷtóm | *penkʷtóh₁ | *penkʷtóms |
| genitive | *penkʷtósyo | *? | *penkʷtóHom |
| ablative | *penkʷtéad | *? | *penkʷtómos, *penkʷtóbʰos |
| dative | *penkʷtóey | *? | *penkʷtómos, *penkʷtóbʰos |
| locative | *penkʷtéy, *penkʷtóy | *? | *penkʷtóysu |
| instrumental | *penkʷtóh₁ | *? | *penkʷtṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *penkʷtéh₂ | *penkʷtéh₂h₁(e) | *penkʷtéh₂es |
| vocative | *penkʷtéh₂ | *penkʷtéh₂h₁(e) | *penkʷtéh₂es |
| accusative | *penkʷtā́m | *penkʷtéh₂h₁(e) | *penkʷtéh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *penkʷtéh₂s | *? | *penkʷtéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *penkʷtéh₂s | *? | *penkʷtéh₂mos, *penkʷtéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *penkʷtéh₂ey | *? | *penkʷtéh₂mos, *penkʷtéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *penkʷtéh₂, *penkʷtéh₂i | *? | *penkʷtéh₂su |
| instrumental | *penkʷtéh₂h₁ | *? | *penkʷtéh₂mis, *penkʷtéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *penkʷtóm | *penkʷtóy(h₁) | *penkʷtéh₂ |
| vocative | *penkʷtóm | *penkʷtóy(h₁) | *penkʷtéh₂ |
| accusative | *penkʷtóm | *penkʷtóy(h₁) | *penkʷtéh₂ |
| genitive | *penkʷtósyo | *? | *penkʷtóHom |
| ablative | *penkʷtéad | *? | *penkʷtómos, *penkʷtóbʰos |
| dative | *penkʷtóey | *? | *penkʷtómos, *penkʷtóbʰos |
| locative | *penkʷtéy, *penkʷtóy | *? | *penkʷtóysu |
| instrumental | *penkʷtóh₁ | *? | *penkʷtṓys |
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pénktas
- Proto-Celtic: *kʷenxtos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *fimftô (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *penkʷtos
- Ancient Greek: πέμπτος (pémptos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paktHás[5] (< *pn̥kʷtHós)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Vedic Sanskrit: पक्थ (pakthá)
- Proto-Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬎𐬑𐬜𐬀 (puxδa) (with 𐬎 (u) from Proto-Iranian *šuštHah (“sixth”)[5])
- Khotanese: [script needed] (pūha-)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Italic: *kʷenktos
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*fimftan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140-141
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “pakthá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 61
- ^ Lambert, Pierre-Yves, Stifter, David (2012) “Le plomb gaulois de Rezé”, in Études Celtiques, volume 38, page 158
- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, pages 132, 228
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pakthá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 358-359