Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pleth₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*pleth₂- (perfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

to spread, extend
flat
Synonym: *pleh₂-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pleth₂- (32 c, 0 e)

*pléth₂-t ~ *pl̥th₂-ént (root aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: प्रथान (prathāná, ptc.med.)
*pléth₂-e-ti (thematic perfect)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: plė̃sti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *prátʰati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *prátʰati
    - Sanskrit: प्रथते (práthate)
  - Proto-Iranian: *práθatī
    - Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀𐬯𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬵 (fraθasauuah)
*ploth₂-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pratʰáyati
    - Sanskrit: प्रथयति (pratháyati)
*pl(e)th₂-mṓ
- Proto-Hellenic: *plətamṓn
  - Ancient Greek: πλᾰτᾰμών (plătămṓn)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pratʰHmán
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pratʰHmán
    - Sanskrit: प्रथिमन् (prathimán)
*pléth₂-os ~ *pléth₂-es- (see there for further descendants)
*pléth₂-us, *pl̥th₂-éwih₂ (see there for further descendants)
*plet-yo- (*h₂ deleted due to Pinault's law)^[6]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *pleťè (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸletyos^[7]
  - Middle Irish: leithe
*pl̥th₂-enós
*pl̥th₂-ó-s
- Proto-Germanic: *fuldō (“earth, ground”)^[8] (< *pl̥th₂-éh₂) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *plətā (< *pl̥th₂-éh₂)
  - Ancient Greek: πλᾰ́τη (plắtē)
    Ancient Greek: πλᾰ́τᾱ (plắtā)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥tʰás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥tʰás
    - Sanskrit: पृथ (pṛthá)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: plokščia

References

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “plā̆t- (plā̆d-), plē̆t-, plō̆t-, plət-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 833-834
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleth₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 486-487
^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*pleth₂-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 564-566
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pages 83, 133, 539
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “prathⁱ”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 392-3
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pletjè”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 404
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fletyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 134
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “fuldō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “plā̆t- (plā̆d-), plē̆t-, plō̆t-, plət-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 833-834

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleth₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 486-487

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*pleth₂-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 564-566

[4] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pages 83, 133, 539

[5] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “prathⁱ”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 392-3

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*pletjè”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 404

[7] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fletyo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 134

[8] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “fuldō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159

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