Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wérsēn

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    Uncertain; possibly from *h₁wers- (“to rain, sprinkle (water, urine, semen)”),[1] or perhaps from *wers- (“to rise (up)”)[2] +‎ *-ḗn.
    However, Pronk is skeptical of assigning it to any verbal root.[3]

    Noun

    *wérsēn m (oblique stem *wr̥sn̥-)[3][4]

    1. virile man
    2. male animal

    Inflection

    Athematic, hysterokinetic
    singular
    nominative *wérsēn
    genitive *wr̥snés
    singular dual plural
    nominative *wérsēn *wérsenh₁(e) *wérsenes
    vocative *wérsen *wérsenh₁(e) *wérsenes
    accusative *wérsenm̥ *wérsenh₁(e) *wérsenm̥s
    genitive *wr̥snés *? *wr̥snóHom
    ablative *wr̥snés *? *wr̥sn̥mós, *wr̥sn̥bʰós
    dative *wr̥snéy *? *wr̥sn̥mós, *wr̥sn̥bʰós
    locative *wérsen, *wérseni *? *wr̥sn̥sú
    instrumental *wr̥snéh₁ *? *wr̥sn̥mís, *wr̥sn̥bʰís

    Reconstruction notes

    Traditionally split into *(h₁)ŕ̥sēn (whence Sanskrit ऋषभ (ṛṣabhá)) and *(h₂)wŕ̥sēn (whence Sanskrit वृषभ (vṛṣabhá)). Pronk argues the forms without *w- originated from a reanalysis of the compound *gʷeh₃u-wr̥sēn.

    Alternative reconstructions

    • *wrés-i-s ~ *wr̥s-y-és
      • Proto-Germanic: *(w)risiz (“hero, giant”)[10] (see there for further descendants)
    • *wr̥s-yó-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wr̥šyás
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wr̥šyás
          • Sanskrit: वृष्य (vṛṣya, “strong”)

    Derived terms

    • *gʷou-wr̥sēn[11] or *gʷeh₃u-wr̥sēn[3][4] or *gʷh₃u-wr̥sēn (“bull”)[3] (+ *gʷou- (“cattle”))
      • Proto-Germanic: *kursô (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gauwr̥šyás
      • Proto-Tocharian: *kauwärṣän (see there for further descendants)
    • *wr̥sn̥-bʰó-s[3][12]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(w)r̥šabʰás
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(w)r̥ṣabʰás
          • Sanskrit: वृषभ (vṛṣabhá), ऋषभ (ṛṣabhá, “bull, male animal”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *wr̥sn-í-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wr̥šníš (“ram”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Unsorted formations:
      • Balto-Slavic:
        • Latvian: vērsis (“ox”)
        • Lithuanian: ver̃šis (“calf; ox”)
        • Old Prussian: werstian (“calf”)

    Descendants

    • >? Proto-Armenian:[1] (or < *wr̥h₁ḗn (“lamb”))
      • Old Armenian: գառն (gaṙn, “lamb”) (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: առն (aṙn, “wild ram”) (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *(w)urzô ~ *ūrziniz (“grouse”) (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Germanic: *(w)urznô (“boar, male pig”)[13]
    • Proto-Hellenic: *(w)érsēn, *(w)ə́rsēn
      • Ancient Greek: (“male (animal)”)
        Aeolic Greek, Ionic Greek, Cretan Ancient Greek: ἔρσην (érsēn)
        Attic Greek: ἄρρην (árrhēn)
        Epic Greek: ἄρσην (ársēn)
        Laconic Greek: ἄρσης (ársēs)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(w)ŕ̥šā (see there for further descendants)
      • →? Proto-Northeast Caucasian: *weršē (“bull-calf, male”)[14] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *wersēn or *worsēn[9]
      • Latin: verrēs, verris (“boar, male pig”) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “u̯ₑr̥sen-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1170
    2. ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2000) Das Perfekt im Indoiranischen, page 476f
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Pronk, Tijmen (2009) “(v)ṛṣabhá-, Greek ἂρσην, ἔρσην: the spraying bull of Indo-European?”, in Historische Sprachforschung, volume 122, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: “*uers-ēn, acc.sg. *urs-en-m, gen.sg. *urs-n-os”
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “άρσην,-ενος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 141: “*uers-n- ‘male’”
    5. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “u̯r̥sen-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 81
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “1. *u̯ers-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 722-724: “*wŕ̥s-en-”
    7. ^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2275: “*(h₁)r̥sen-”
    8. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “*(h₁)r̥s-en-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 584-586
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “verrēs, -is”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 666: “*h₂u̯ŕ̥s-en-”
    10. ^ Vercoullie, Jozef (1925) “reus”, in Beknopt etymologisch woordenboek der Nederlandsche taal (in Dutch), 's-Gravenhage: Nijhoff, page 287
    11. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2017–2018) “Chapter XII: Tocharian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Tocharian, page 1368: “*gʷou-wṛsen-”
    12. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “vr̥ṣabhá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 601
    13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Hellquist, Elof (1922) “orne”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎[1] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 553
    14. ^ Nikolaev, Sergei L., Starostin, Sergei A. (1994) “*wĕršē”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary‎[2], Moscow: Asterisk Publishers
    This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.