Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ǰátu

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷét-u ~ *gʷt-éw-s.^[1]

Noun

*ǰátu n^[1]

gum

Inflection

neuter u-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǰátu	*ǰátwiH	*ǰátuH
vocative	*ǰátu	*ǰátwiH	*ǰátuH
accusative	*ǰátu	*ǰátwiH	*ǰátuH
instrumental	*ǰátuH	*ǰátubʰyā(m)	*ǰátubʰiš
ablative	*ǰátawš	*ǰátubʰyā(m)	*ǰátubʰyas
dative	*ǰátaway	*ǰátubʰyā(m)	*ǰátubʰyas
genitive	*ǰátawš	*ǰátuwās	*ǰátuHnaHam
locative	*ǰátāw	*ǰátuwaw	*ǰátušu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́átu
- Sanskrit: जतु (játu)
  - Dardic:
    - Kashmiri: زَو (zav)
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Bengali: জউ (jou, “lac”)
    - Odia: ଜଉ (jau, “lac”)
  - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀉 (jaü)
  - Pali: jatu
Proto-Iranian: *ǰátu
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Pashto: ژاوله (žā́wla), جاوله (jā́nwla), جانوله (jā́nwala), زاوله (zā́wla)
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Central Kurdish: ژِوی (jiwî), جەوی (cewî), جەوِگ (cewig)
  - → Northern Luri: [script needed] (ževi)
  - → Persian: ژد (žad, “gum”) (dialectal)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Bakhtiari: [script needed] (zeδī)
  - Southern Luri: [script needed] (zehī)
  - → Kermanic: [script needed] (zay), [script needed] (zatūk) (Abyaneh)
- ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *Hanguǰatu (“asafoetida”) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “jatu-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[IAIL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “jatu-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

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