Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hanguǰatu

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *Hangwr̥ (“extract, resin”) +‎ *ǰátu (“gum”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰátu.

Noun

*Hanguǰatu n^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

asafoetida

Inflection

neuter u-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hanguǰatu	*HanguǰatwiH	*HanguǰatuH
vocative	*Hanguǰatu	*HanguǰatwiH	*HanguǰatuH
accusative	*Hanguǰatu	*HanguǰatwiH	*HanguǰatuH
instrumental	*HanguǰatuH	*Hanguǰatubʰyā(m)	*Hanguǰatubʰiš
ablative	*Hanguǰatawš	*Hanguǰatubʰyā(m)	*Hanguǰatubʰyah
dative	*Hanguǰataway	*Hanguǰatubʰyā(m)	*Hanguǰatubʰyah
genitive	*Hanguǰatawš	*Hanguǰatuwāh	*HanguǰatuHnaHam
locative	*Hanguǰatāw	*Hanguǰatuwaw	*Hanguǰatušu

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *anguǰatu
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *angujətu
    - Proto-Saka: *aṃgūṣḍɨ
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (aṃgūṣḍä)
- Proto-Sogdic: *angwažt^[3]
  - → Tocharian B: aṅkwaṣ, aṅkwaṣṭ
    - → Chinese: 阿魏 (āwèi)^[5]
Northwestern Iranian:
- Central Kurdish: ھەنگوژە (henguje)
- Parthian: *angužad
  - → Old Armenian: *անգուժատ (*angužat)
    - Middle Armenian: անգուժատ (angužat)
    - ⇒ Old Armenian: անգուժատ-ա-բեր (angužat-a-ber)
  - → Classical Persian: انگژد (angužad)
    - ⇒ Classical Persian: انگزد (anguzad) (hybridizing with the inherited form)
    - → Middle Chinese: 阿虞截 (ʔa ŋuə̆ dzɛt)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Classical Persian: انگوزه (angūza), انگدان (angudān), انگیان (anguyān)
  - Iranian Persian: آنغوزه (ânġuze), آنقوزه (ânquze)
  - → Arabic: أَنْجُدَان (ʔanjudān), أَنْجُذَان (ʔanjuḏān) — archaic
    - → Middle Armenian: անճուտան (ančutan), անճիտան (ančitan)
    - → Old Catalan: alanjoden
    - → Persian: انجدان (anjodân)
  - → Middle Armenian: անգուտան (angutan), անկիտան (ankitan)
- → Aramaic:
  Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אגדנא (ʾaggəḏānā), אגדאנא (ʾaggəḏānā)
  
  Classical Syriac: ܐܓܕܢܐ (ʾaggəḏānā)

References

^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 1b
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*anga-, *angu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 166
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Tremblay, Xavier (2005) “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎^[1], volume 68, number 3, page 438
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “aṅkwaṣ(t)”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 7
^ Židek, Jan (2014) Tocharian Loanwords in Chinese (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta

[1] Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 1b

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*anga-, *angu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 166

[Tremblay-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Tremblay, Xavier (2005) “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎^[1], volume 68, number 3, page 438

[4] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “aṅkwaṣ(t)”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 7

[5] Židek, Jan (2014) Tocharian Loanwords in Chinese (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]