Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́ānáHti
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From earlier *ȷ́n̥náHti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti, from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
Verb
*ȷ́ānáHti
- to know
Inflection
Nonfinite forms of *ȷ́ānáHti
| Infinitive | *ȷ́náHtum |
|---|---|
| Gerund | *ȷ́naHtwáH |
| Past passive participle | *ȷ́naHtás |
| Future passive participle | *ȷ́náyHyas |
Present forms of *ȷ́ānáHti
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ȷ́ānáHmi | *ȷ́ānHwás | *ȷ́ānHmás | *ȷ́ānHáy | *ȷ́ānHwádʰHay | *ȷ́ānHmádʰHay | *ȷ́naHyáy | *ȷ́naHyáHwadʰHay | *ȷ́naHyáHmadʰHay | |
| 2nd | *ȷ́ānáHsi | *ȷ́ānHtʰás | *ȷ́ānHtʰá | *ȷ́ānHšáy | *ȷ́ānáHtʰay | *ȷ́ānHdʰHwáy | *ȷ́naHyásay | *ȷ́naHyáytʰay | *ȷ́naHyádʰHway | |
| 3rd | *ȷ́ānáHti | *ȷ́ānHtás | *ȷ́ānHánti | *ȷ́ānHtáy | *ȷ́ānáHtay | *ȷ́ānHatáy | *ȷ́naHyátay | *ȷ́naHyáytay | *ȷ́naHyántay | |
| Imperative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ȷ́ānáHni | *ȷ́ānáHwa | *ȷ́ānáHma | *ȷ́ānáHy | *ȷ́ānáHwadʰHaHy | *ȷ́ānáHmadʰHaHy | *ȷ́naHyáHy | *ȷ́naHyáHwadʰHaHy | *ȷ́naHyáHmadʰHaHy | |
| 2nd | *ȷ́ānHdʰí | *ȷ́ānHtám | *ȷ́ānHtá | *ȷ́ānHšwá | *ȷ́ānáHtʰām | *ȷ́ānHdʰHwám | *ȷ́naHyáswa | *ȷ́naHyáytʰām | *ȷ́naHyádʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *ȷ́ānáHtu | *ȷ́ānHtā́m | *ȷ́ānHántu | *ȷ́ānHtā́m | *ȷ́ānáHtām | *ȷ́ānHatám | *ȷ́naHyátām | *ȷ́naHyáytām | *ȷ́naHyántam | |
| Optative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *ȷ́ānHyáHm | *ȷ́ānHyáHwa | *ȷ́ānHyáHmas | *ȷ́ānHiHá | *ȷ́ānHiHwádʰHi | *ȷ́ānHiHmádʰHi | *ȷ́naHyáyHa | *ȷ́naHyáywadʰHi | *ȷ́naHyáymadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *ȷ́ānHyáHs | *ȷ́ānHyáHtam | *ȷ́ānHyáHta | *ȷ́ānHiHtʰā́s | *ȷ́ānHiHā́tʰām | *ȷ́ānHiHdʰHwám | *ȷ́naHyáytʰās | *ȷ́naHyáyHātʰām | *ȷ́naHyáydʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *ȷ́ānHyáHt | *ȷ́ānHyáHtām | *ȷ́ānHyunt | *ȷ́ānHiHtá | *ȷ́ānHiHā́tām | *ȷ́ānHiHránt | *ȷ́naHyáyta | *ȷ́naHyáyHātām | *ȷ́naHyáyrant | |
| Participles | *ȷ́ānánt | *ȷ́ānaHnás | *ȷ́naHyámHnas | |||||||
Imperfect forms of *ȷ́ānáHti
| Active | Middle | Passive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
| Indicative | ||||||||||
| 1st | *aȷ́ānáHm | *aȷ́ānHwá | *aȷ́ānHmá | *aȷ́ānHí | *aȷ́ānHwádʰHi | *aȷ́ānHmádʰHi | *aȷ́naHyáy | *aȷ́naHyáHwadʰHi | *aȷ́naHyámadʰHi | |
| 2nd | *aȷ́ānáHs | *aȷ́ānHtám | *aȷ́ānHtá | *aȷ́ānHtʰás | *aȷ́ānáHtʰām | *aȷ́ānHdʰHwám | *aȷ́naHyátʰās | *aȷ́naHyáytʰām | *aȷ́naHyádʰHwam | |
| 3rd | *aȷ́ānáHt | *aȷ́ānHtā́m | *aȷ́ānHánt | *aȷ́ānHtá | *aȷ́ānáHtām | *aȷ́ānHatá | *aȷ́naHyáta | *aȷ́naHyáytām | *aȷ́naHyánta | |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́ānáHti
- Sanskrit: जानाति (jānā́ti) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *jānáHti
- Proto-Nuristani: *jānā́ti
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jānā́ti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press