Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
Doubtfully from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s > *dn̥ǵʰwáHs > *dn̥ȷ́ʰwáHs > *diȷ́ʰwáHs > *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHs > *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH.
Another hypothesis, that is more phonologically sound, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-ǵʰwH-eh₂, a reduplicated noun from *ǵʰewH- (“to invoke”) (whence Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰuHáyati).[1] As described by Grassmann's law, in PII the initial consonant loses its aspiration due to the next one being aspirated. Avestan displays dissimilation from an earlier *zizuuā. Reduplicated nouns in PIE are also not unprecedented; note the very common *kʷékʷlos (“wheel”). However, Nuristani evidence points to an earlier preform *diȷ́ʰwáH, which may point to the original Proto-Indo-European word albeit with some remodeling. A similar shift from *diǵʰ- to jih- in Sanskrit is exhibited by जिह्म (jihmá).
Noun
*ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH f
Declension
| aH-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáy | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwā́s |
| vocative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰway | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰway | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās |
| accusative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwā́m | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáy | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwā́s |
| instrumental | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH, -ayaH | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHbʰyā(m) | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHbʰiš |
| ablative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáyaHs | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHbʰyā(m) | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHbʰyas |
| dative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáyaHi | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHbʰyā(m) | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHbʰyas |
| genitive | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáyaHs | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáyHās | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHnaHam |
| locative | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáyaH | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáyHaw | *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHsu |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́iźʰwáH
- Proto-Iranian: *hižwáH (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Nuristani: (< *diȷ́ʰwáH)
References
- ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura