Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pratʰamás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From an earlier *pratamás, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-tm̥mós, from *pro- (“toward, forward”) + *-tm̥mos (absolute superlative suffix) and influenced by the /tʰ/ in *-ištʰas. Cognate with Latin primus, Ancient Greek πρῶτος (prôtos).

Numeral

*pratʰamás

Proto-Indo-Iranian ordinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : *Háykas
    Ordinal : *pratʰamás
  1. first

Descendants

  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pratʰamás
  • Proto-Iranian: *fratamáh
    • Central Iranian:
    • Northeastern Iranian:
      • Sogdian: [script needed] (prtmw)
    • Western Iranian:
      • Southwestern Iranian:
        • Old Persian: 𐎳𐎼𐎫𐎶𐎠 (fratama)
          • Middle Persian: (/⁠fradom⁠/)
            Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫡𐫤𐫇𐫖 (prtwm)
            Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pltwm)
    • → Old Armenian: փարթամ (pʻartʻam)

Further reading

  • Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) “*fratama-, *fraϑama-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 58-60
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