Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/sáȷ́ʰas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰos (“power, victory”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *segaz.

Noun

*sáȷ́ʰas n^[1]

power, strength

Declension

neuter as-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sáȷ́ʰas	*sáȷ́ʰasiH	*sáȷ́ʰās
vocative	*sáȷ́ʰas	*sáȷ́ʰasiH	*sáȷ́ʰās
accusative	*sáȷ́ʰas	*sáȷ́ʰasiH	*sáȷ́ʰās
instrumental	*sáȷ́ʰasaH	*sáȷ́ʰazbʰyā(m)	*sáȷ́ʰazbʰiš
ablative	*sáȷ́ʰasas	*sáȷ́ʰazbʰyā(m)	*sáȷ́ʰazbʰyas
dative	*sáȷ́ʰasay	*sáȷ́ʰazbʰyā(m)	*sáȷ́ʰazbʰyas
genitive	*sáȷ́ʰasas	*sáȷ́ʰasHās	*sáȷ́ʰasaHam
locative	*sáȷ́ʰasi	*sáȷ́ʰasHaw	*sáȷ́ʰasu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sáźʰas
- Sanskrit: सह॑स् (sáhas)^[2]
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Hindi: सह (sah)
    - Nepali: सह (saha)
  - ⇒ Pali: sahasā (“forcibly”)
Proto-Iranian: *hájah^[3]
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬵 (hazah)
- Gurani: ھازی (hāzī)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: hêz
  
  Central Kurdish: ھێز (hêz)
  
  Southern Kurdish: ھاز (haz)
  
  Laki: ئاز (az)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “sáhas-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sáhas”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) “*haźah-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 393

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “sáhas-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “sáhas”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

[3] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) “*haźah-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 393

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