Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/stríH

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)s-ér-ih₂ ~ *(h₁)s-r̥-yeh₂, from *(h₁)ós-r̥, *(h₁)és-r-. Compare Tocharian B ṣarya (“lady”).^[1]

Noun

*stríH f^[2]

a woman

Declension

yaH-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*stríH	*stríH	*stríHš
vocative	*strí	*stríH	*stríHš
accusative	*stríHm	*stríH	*stríHš
instrumental	*stryáH	*stríHbʰyā(m)	*stríHbʰiš
ablative	*stryáHs	*stríHbʰyā(m)	*stríHbʰyas
dative	*stryáy	*stríHbʰyā(m)	*stríHbʰyas
genitive	*stryáHs	*stríHās	*stríHnaHam
locative	*stryáH	*stríHaw	*stríHsu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stríH
- Sanskrit: स्त्री (strī́)
  - Dardic:
    - Kalasha: istríža
    - Kashmiri: ترٕٛے
  - Gandhari: 𐨀𐨁𐨯𐨿𐨟𐨿𐨪𐨁 (istri)
  - Pali: itthi
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀇𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀻 (itthī)
    - Hindi: तिय (tiya)
    - Marwari: तिरिया (tiriyā) (Influenced by Sanskrit)
Proto-Iranian: *stríH
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬯𐬙𐬭𐬍 (strī)
- Eastern Iranian:
  - Khotanese: 𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀭𑀺𑀬𑀸 (striyā)
  - Digor Ossetian: силӕ (silæ)
  - Iron Ossetian: сыл (syl)
  - Sogdian: [Term?] (/⁠(ə)strīč⁠/, “female; woman”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫘𐫤𐫡𐫏𐫝 (ʾstryc), 𐫘𐫤𐫡𐫏𐫝 (stryc)
    
    Sogdian script: 𐼼𐽂𐽀𐼷𐼿 (ʾstʾyrch)
    
    Syriac script: ܣܬܪܝܨ (stryc)
  - Pashto: ښځه (ẍëźa) (<*stríH-čī), سړۍ (saṛǝy, “woman; wife; lady”) (Perhaps)
  - Shughni: [script needed] (štā, “daughter, girl”), [script needed] (štākak) (>*stríH-āk-akaH)
- Western Iranian:
  - Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: stî (“lady, madam”)
    - → Persian: ست (set, “lady; woman”), ستی (setī, “O Woman!, O Lady!”) (Perhaps)
      - → Arabic: ستي (sittay, “O Lady!”)
  - Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠srīgar⁠/, “female”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫡𐫏𐫃𐫡 (srygr), 𐫘𐫡𐫏𐫏𐫃𐫡 (sryygr)

References

^ Ronald I. Kim (2014) “A Tale of Two Suffixes: *-h₂-, *-ih₂-, and the Evolution of Feminine Gender in Proto-Indo-European”, in Studies on the Collective and Feminine in Indo-European from a Diachronic and Typological Perspective
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1951: “*stríH-”

[1] Ronald I. Kim (2014) “A Tale of Two Suffixes: *-h₂-, *-ih₂-, and the Evolution of Feminine Gender in Proto-Indo-European”, in Studies on the Collective and Feminine in Indo-European from a Diachronic and Typological Perspective

[2] Schmitt, Rüdiger (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Indo-Iranian, page 1951: “*stríH-”

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