|
|
This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.
Numeral
*čaθwā́rah m pl (feminine plural *čátasrah, neuter plural *čaθwā́r)[1]
- four
Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *caθwāri
- Proto-Sarmatian: *cauθβār
- Old Ossetic: *cuppar
- Alanic:
- Digor Ossetian: цуппар (cuppar)
- Iron Ossetian: цыппар (cyppar)
- Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *caθβāri
- Proto-Saka: *tsahari
- Old Khotanese: 𑀢𑁆𑀘𑀳𑁅𑀭 (tcahaura)
- Late Khotanese: 𑀢𑁆𑀘𑀳𑁄𑀭 (tcahora), 𑀢𑁆𑀘𑁅𑀭 (tcaura)
- Tumshuqese: 𑀢𑁆𑀲𑀳𑀭𑀺 (tsahari)
- Wakhi: cəbыr
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
- Bactrian: σοφαρο (sofaro)
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (cfʾr)
- Proto-Sogdic:
- Sogdian: [script needed] (čatfār)
- Yagnobi: тафор (tafor)
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri-Parachi:
- Ormuri: ښری (ṣ̌rī)
- Parachi: čōr
- Pashto: څلور (śalór)
- Shughni: cavōr
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: چار (cár)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: çar
- Central Kurdish: چوار (çwar), چار (çar)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
- Parthian:
- Manichaean script: 𐫝𐫜𐫀𐫡 (cfʾr /čafār/)
- Zazaki: chehar
- Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/čahār/)}
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ALBA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (chʾl)
- Classical Persian: چهار (čahâr)
- Dari: چهار (čahâr)
- Iranian Persian: چهار (čahâr)
- Tajik: чор (čor), чаҳор (čahor)
References
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2011) Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus)[1], volume 15, numbers 1-2, Brill Academic Publishers, page 177: “*čaθwā́ra-”