Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/ǰánHh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰánHs, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷénh₂s. Doublet of *gnáHh.

Noun

*ǰánHh f^[1]

woman
wife

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǰánHh	*ǰánHā(w)	*ǰánHah
vocative	*ǰánH	*ǰánHā(w)	*ǰánHah
accusative	*ǰánHam	*ǰánHā(w)	*gnáHah
instrumental	*gnáHaH	*gnáHbʰyā(m)	*gnáHbʰiš
ablative	*gnáHah	*gnáHbʰyā(m)	*gnáHbʰyaH
dative	*gnáHay	*gnáHbʰyā(m)	*gnáHbʰyaH
genitive	*gnáHah	*gnáHHāh	*gnáHaHam
locative	*ǰánHi	*gnáHHaw	*gnáHhu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬘𐬇𐬥𐬌 (jə̄ni), 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌 (jaⁱni), 𐬘𐬄𐬥𐬌 (jąni)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Ossetian: зӕнӕг (zænæg, “children, offspring”)
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *janiška^[2]
    - Proto-Saka: *jīnškā
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (jīśkā, “girl; lady”)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: ζινο (zino)
  - Proto-Sogdic: *yaenika^[3]
    - Sogdian: (/⁠inč, ēnč⁠/, “woman”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫏𐫗𐫝 (ʾync), 𐫙𐫏𐫗𐫝 (ʿync)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼷𐼻𐼿‎ (ʾync‎), 𐼰𐼷𐼻𐽁 (ʾynš)
      
      Syriac script: ܥܝܢܨ (ʾync), ܝܢܨܗ (ynch)
    - Yagnobi: инч (inč)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: نجلۍ (një́lë́y), جونۍ (junë́y), جنۍ (jnë́y, jinë́y), جلۍ (jilë́y)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: جن (jan)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ژن (jin)
  
  Northern Kurdish: jin
  
  Southern Kurdish: ژن (jin)
  
  Laki: ژن (jin), ژەن (jen)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: زن (zən)
    - Old Mazanderani: زنا (zinā)
      - Mazanderani: زنا (zänā), زنی (zänī)
    - Old Gorgani جن (ǰan)
  - Kermanic:
    - Soi: yaná
  - Parthian: (/⁠žan⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫋𐫗 (jn)
    - → Old Armenian: ջնիկան (ǰnikan, “the royal court of women”)^[4]
  - Proto-Tatic:
    - Talysh: [Term?] (/⁠žen⁠/)
      Arabic script: ژن
      
      Latin script: jen
    - Old Tati:
      Old Azari: زن (zan), ژن (žan)
      - Harzani: yan
      - Karingani: yan
  - Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: ژەنی (žanī)
    - Zazaki: ceni (ǰanī), cıni (ǰinī)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/⁠zan⁠/, “woman; wife”)
  Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫗 (zn)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (NYŠE), [Book Pahlavi needed] (zn')
  
  Psalter Pahlavi script: [Psalter Pahlavi needed] (NYŠE)
  - Lurish:
    Northern Luri: زؽناْ (zêna, “wife, woman”)
    
    Bakhtiari: زؽناْ (zêna)
    
    Southern Luri: زؽناْ (zêna)
  - Classical Persian: زن (zan, “woman; wife”)
    Dari: زن (zan)
    
    Iranian Persian: زن (zan)
    
    Tajik: зан (zan)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “jáni-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “jīśkā”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 110
^ Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾync”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 153b
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “jīśkā”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 110

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “jáni-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[2] Bailey, H. W. (1979) “jīśkā”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 110

[3] Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾync”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 153b

[4] Bailey, H. W. (1979) “jīśkā”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 110

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