Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/aHjāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *aH- +‎ *jāráyati, secondary causative of *járati.[1]

Verb

*aHjāráyati[2][3]

  1. to torment, offend
  2. to hurt, wound

Derived terms

  • *aHjāráh
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: ئازار (azar, “annoyance; pain”)
    • Pashto: آزار (āzār, “illness; offense”)
    • Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾcʾl /⁠āzār⁠/)[4]
      • Persian: آزار (âzâr, “affliction, disease, grieve, vexation, annoyance, injury”)[1] (see there for further descendants)
  • *aHjārikah
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (ʾzʾryk, “harm”)

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬈 (āzāraiieṇte, 3pl.med.caus.), 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬋𐬌𐬱 (āzāraiiōiš, “to hurt, wound, offend”, 2sg.opt.caus.)[1]
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾzʾry-, “to offend”), [script needed] (mʾzʾryd, 3sg.impf.)[5][1]
    • Sogdian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫖 (ʾʾzyrm /⁠āzarm⁠/, “to offend, hurt”, 1sg.caus.pres.)[1]
      Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼰𐼵𐼰𐼷𐽀𐽂 (ʾʾzʾyrt /⁠āzērd⁠/, “to hurt, trouble”)[1][2]
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Parthian: 𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾzʾryd /⁠āzārēd⁠/, 3sg.pres.ind.)[1]
      • → Middle Persian: (/⁠āzārēd⁠/, “to torment, offend; to hurt”, 3sg.pres.ind.)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾʾzʾryd), 𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾzʾryd)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾcʾlyt), [Book Pahlavi needed] (’clt /⁠āzard⁠/, ppp.), [Book Pahlavi needed] (’cwlt /⁠āzurd⁠/, ppp.)
        • Persian: آزردن (âzordan, “to annoy, torment”)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠ayārdēd⁠/, “to suffer; to be distressed, tormented”)[6]
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾyʾrdynd, 3pl.pres.), 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫀𐫗𐫅 (ʾyʾrdʾnd, 3pl.subj.pres.)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾdʾltyt)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾʾzyr-¹”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 17: “āzāraya-”
  3. ^ Benzing, Johannes (1983) “ʾzry-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 134: “*ā-zarya-; *ā-zāraya-”
  4. ^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 15
  5. ^ Benzing, Johannes (1983) Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 132
  6. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*darH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 61
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