Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cāčáyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćāčáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱok-éye-ti, from *ḱek- (“to be able, capable”) +‎ *-éyeti. Compare Old Irish cécht (“might, power”),[1] Sanskrit शक् (śak, “to be able”).[2]

    Verb

    *cāčáyati[1]

    1. to prepare, make ready
    2. to make, build

    Derived terms

    • *aHcāčáyati[1] (+ *aH-)
      • Sogdian: (“suitable, compatible”)
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼀𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼋 (ʾʾsʾɣtk /⁠āsaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)
        Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ʾsʾqy)
        • → Persian: آسغده (âsaġdah, “prepared, disposed”)[3]
    • *fracāčáyati[1][4] (+ *fra- (“toward, forward”))
      • Ossetian: (“to drive, strike, stick in”)
        Digor Ossetian: ræsaʒun
      • Sogdian: (“to train, teach, tame”)
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼊 (ʾβsʾɣty, 3sg.pres.ind.act.), 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼉𐼑𐼀𐼛 (ʾβsʾxsʾt, 3sg.pres.subj.act.), 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼉𐼑𐼀𐼊 (ʾβsʾxsʾy, 3sg.pres.opt.act.), 𐼀𐼂𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼋 (ʾβsʾɣtk /⁠(ə)fsaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)
    • *hamcāčáyati[1][5] (+ *ham- (“together, joint, paired”))
      • Khwarezmian: 𐾽𐾿𐾹𐾿𐾰𐿂 (msxsʾr, “to be reconciled”, 3pl.impf.act.), [script needed] (msʾcyd, “get ready, prepare”, impf.)
      • Middle Persian: (“to make ready; to fix, dispose”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫍𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫍𐫀𐫅 (hsʾcyhʾd /⁠hassāzēhād⁠/, 3sg.subj.act.), 𐫍𐫘𐫀𐫟𐫎 (hsʾxṯ, ta-ptc.)
      • Sogdian: (“to prepare, fix, dispose”)
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼎𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼀𐼋 (ʾnsʾɣtʾk /⁠ansaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)
    • *nicāčáyati[1] (+ *ni-)
      • Parthian: (“to prepare, make ready”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫏𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫅 (nysʾcʾd /⁠nisāžād⁠/, 2pl.subj.act.), 𐫗𐫏𐫘𐫀𐫉𐫏𐫅 (nysʾzyd /⁠nisāžēd⁠/, pl.impv.)
    • *paticāčáyati[1][6] (+ *pati-)
      • Parthian: (“to make, prepare, fashion, arrange, build”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫅 (psʾcyd /⁠passāžēd⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: (“to make, prepare, fashion, arrange, build”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫗𐫅 (psʾcynd /⁠passāzēnd⁠/, 3pl.pres.act.)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (psʾcyt /⁠passāzēd⁠/)
      • Sogdian: (/⁠patsāč-⁠/, “to arrange, order”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫤𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫖 (ptsʾcym, 1pl.pres.subj.act.), 𐫛𐫤𐫘𐫄𐫤𐫏𐫏 (ptsɣtyy /⁠patsaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)
        Sogdian script: 𐼾𐽂𐼼𐼰𐼲𐽂𐼷 (ptsʾɣty), 𐼾𐽂𐼼𐼰𐼲𐽂𐼸 (ptsʾɣtk /⁠patsaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼔𐼚𐼑𐼀𐼄𐼚𐼋 (ptsʾɣtk /⁠patsaɣdē⁠/, ta-ptc.)
        Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (ptsʾcy, 2sg.pres.ind.act.)
        • → Persian: پاساخت (pâsâxt), Persian: پسغده (pasaġdah, “disposed, prepared, experienced”)[3]
      • → Old Armenian: պատշաճեմ (patšačem, “to conform, agree”), պատշաճ (patšač, “suitable, proper”)[7]
    • *wicāčáyati[1] (+ *wi-)
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (mwsxs-, “to disconnect”)

    Descendants

    • Central Iranian:
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬆𐬨 (sācaiiaṇtəm)
    • Northeastern Iranian:
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (sājäti)
      • Ossetian: (“to place (in), dig in; to build, construct”)
        Digor Ossetian: садзун (saʒun), сагъд (saǧd)
        Iron Ossetian: садзын (saʒyn), сагъд (saǧd)
      • Sogdian: (“to be proper, behove; to be necessary”)
        Sogdian script: 𐼼𐼰𐼿𐽂 (sʾct)
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼑𐼀𐼕𐼛 (sʾct)
    • Southeastern Iranian:
      • Pashto: ساتل (sātə́l, “to defend, protect; guard, watch over”)
      • → Yazghulami: [script needed] (saǰ-, “to prepare (a bed, etc.)”)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Baluchi: سَاچِیت (sāčit, “to adjust, be suitable, agree”)
      • Kermanic: (“to do, build”)
        Abuzeydabadi, Abyanehi, Nayini, Tari: sāta
        Anaraki, Varzenehi: sāte
        Ardestani, Isfahani: satän
        Gazi: sāt (“to be reconciled with”)
        Jowshaqani: sātan
        Khunsari, Mahallati: sāt (“to prepare, do”)
      • Parthian: (“to prepare, make”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫏𐫅 (sʾcyd /⁠sāžēd⁠/, pl.impv.), 𐫘𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫅 (sʾcʾd /⁠sāžād⁠/, pp.II)
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Middle Persian: (“to make, prepare”)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (sʾcyt /⁠sāzēd⁠/)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*sač¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 323
    2. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “śáḿsa- - ŚAK”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 600
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gharib, B. (1995) “Proto-Iranian/cāčáyati”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, pages 103-104
    4. ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾβsʾʾc-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 19b
    5. ^ Benzing, Johannes (1983) “(ʾ)sxs-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 95
    6. ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “ptsʾc-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 316b
    7. ^ Benveniste, Émile (1964) “Éléments parthes en arménien”, in Revue des Études Arméniennes. Nouvelle série‎[2] (in French), volume 1, page 6 of 1–39
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