Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/garmáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰarmás (“heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰor-mós, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) +‎ *-mós.

    Noun

    *garmáh m[1]

    1. heat, warmth

    Inflection

    masculine a-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *garmáh *garmā́(w) *garmā́h(ah)
    vocative *gárma *gármā(w) *gármāh(ah)
    accusative *garmám *garmā́(w) *garmā́nh
    instrumental *garmáH *garmáybʰyā(m) *garmā́yš
    ablative *garmā́t *garmáybʰyā(m) *garmáybʰyah
    dative *garmā́y *garmáybʰyā(m) *garmáybʰyah
    genitive *garmáhya *garmáyāh *garmā́naHam
    locative *garmáy *garmáyaw *garmáyšu

    Descendants

    • Central Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬀 (garəma, “hot; warmth”)
    • Northeastern Iranian:
      • Proto-Scythian:
        • Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (garma-)
        • Proto-Sarmatian:
      • Sogdo-Bactrian:
        • Khwarezmian: 𐾳𐿂𐾽 (ɣrm)
        • Proto-Sogdic:
          • Sogdian: /γarm/
            Sogdian script: 𐼲𐽀𐼺 (ɣrm)
            Manichaean script: 𐫄𐫡𐫖 (ɣrm)
          • Yagnobi: [script needed] (γarm)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Old Persian:
        • Middle Persian:
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (glm /⁠garm⁠/, “warm”)
          Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (grm)
        • ⇒ Old Persian: 𐎥𐎼𐎶𐎱𐎭 (g-r-m-p-d /⁠garmapada⁠/, “name of the fourth month of the Old Persian calendar”)

    References

    1. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) “*garma-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 161
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