Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/hižwáHkaH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *hižwáH +‎ *-kaH. Parallel formation to Proto-Slavic *ęzỳkъ.

Noun

*hižwáHkaH f[1][2]

  1. tongue

Inflection

aH-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *hižwáHkaH *hižwáHkay *hižwáHkāh
vocative *hižwáHkay *hižwáHkay *hižwáHkāh
accusative *hižwáHkām *hižwáHkay *hižwáHkāh
instrumental *hižwáHkaH, -ayaH *hižwáHkaHbʰyā(m) *hižwáHkaHbʰiš
ablative *hižwáHkayaHh *hižwáHkaHbʰyā(m) *hižwáHkaHbʰyah
dative *hižwáHkayaHi *hižwáHkaHbʰyā(m) *hižwáHkaHbʰyah
genitive *hižwáHkayaHh *hižwáHkayHāh *hižwáHkaHnaHam
locative *hižwáHkayaH *hižwáHkayHaw *hižwáHkaHhu

Descendants

  • Northeastern
    • Ossetian: ӕвзаг (ævzag)
    • Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (biśā /⁠βiźā⁠/)
      • Wakhi: zik, zīk
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: εζϐαγο (ezbago /⁠əzβāg⁠/)
      • Khwarezmian: زڤاک (zᵘβ’k /⁠zuβā́g⁠/), ازڤاک (’zβ’k /⁠əzβā́g⁠/)
      • Proto-Sogdic: *hizβā́kā
        • Sogdian: (/zβāk, ᵊzβāk/}
          Buddhist: [script needed] (zβʾk), [script needed] (ʾzβʾʾk)
          Christian: ܙܒܐܩ (zβʾq)
          Manichaean: 𐫉𐫂𐫀𐫐 (zβʾk)
        • Yagnobi: зивок (zⁱvṓk)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Pathan:
      • Pashto: ژبه (žë́ba), جبه (jë́ba), زبه (zë́ba), ژېبه (žébá), ژبه (žəbba) (Waziri)
      • Waneci: [script needed] (zbə), [script needed] (zibə), [script needed] (zəbō)
    • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (zvůk), [script needed] (zьvůk)
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (zəvū̆k)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
        • Munji: [script needed] (zəvī́γ), [script needed] (zəvū́g)
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (zᵊvīγ), [script needed] (zɪbēγ)
      • Yazghulami: звег (zveg), зәвег (zəveg)

References

  1. ^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) “Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry”, in Doctoral dissertation, University of California at Berkeley
  2. ^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎[1], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 179
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