Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/kawfáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kawpʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *kowpéh₂-s ~ *kowph₂-és, from *kowp-éh₂ (“hump”), from *kew-p-, from *kew- (“bend”).^[1] Cognate with Kamkata-viri kū, Prasuni kū (“hump”).

Noun

*kawfáh^[1]^[2]

mountain

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kawfáh	*kawfā́(w)	*kawfā́h(ah)
vocative	*káwfa	*káwfā(w)	*káwfāh(ah)
accusative	*kawfám	*kawfā́(w)	*kawfā́nh
instrumental	*kawfáH	*kawfáybʰyā(m)	*kawfā́yš
ablative	*kawfā́t	*kawfáybʰyā(m)	*kawfáybʰyah
dative	*kawfā́y	*kawfáybʰyā(m)	*kawfáybʰyah
genitive	*kawfáhya	*kawfáyāh	*kawfā́naHam
locative	*kawfáy	*kawfáyaw	*kawfáyšu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬊𐬟𐬀 (kaofa)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Ossetian:
  Digor Ossetian: хонх (xonx)
  
  Iron Ossetian: хох (xox)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri: کو (kọ̄)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
  - Munji: کیفه (kifa)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Shughni: [script needed] (kū)
    - Vanji: [Term?] (kub)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: کوپگ (kōpag)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: کێو (kêw)
  
  Northern Kurdish: kov-, kûv- (in kovî, kûvî (“wild”))
  
  Southern Kurdish: کۊە (küe)
  
  Laki: کۊی (küy)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Parthian: [script needed] (qwp), [script needed] (kwp), [script needed] (qwf), [script needed] (kwf /⁠kōf⁠/)
  - Zazaki: ko (kō)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Kumzari: كُو (kō)
- Old Persian: 𐎣𐎢𐎳 (k-u-f /⁠kaufa⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠kōf⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫇𐫛 (kwp), 𐫞𐫇𐫛 (qwp), 𐫐𐫇𐫜 (kwf)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (kwp)
    - Classical Persian: کوه (kōh)
      - Iranian Persian: کوه (kuh)
      - Tajik: кӯҳ (küh)
      - → Äynu: کوه (kox)
      - → Hindi: कोह (koh)
      - → Kashmiri: کۄہ (kọh), کۆہ (koh)
      - → Urdu: کوہ (koh)
      - → Yagnobi: кӯҳ (küh)
→ Old Armenian: -կոհ (-koh) in Կապկոհ (Kapkoh, “Caucasus”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 22
^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 204

[Cathcart-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎^[1], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 22

[2] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎^[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 204

[1]

[2]