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This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wapras.
Noun
*wafrah m
- snow
Inflection
| masculine a-stem
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singular
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dual
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plural
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| nominative
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*wafrah
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*wafrā(w)
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*wafrāh(ah)
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| vocative
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*wafra
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*wafrā(w)
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*wafrāh(ah)
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| accusative
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*wafram
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*wafrā(w)
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*wafrānh
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| instrumental
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*wafraH
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*wafraybʰyā(m)
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*wafrāyš
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| ablative
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*wafrāt
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*wafraybʰyā(m)
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*wafraybʰyah
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| dative
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*wafrāy
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*wafraybʰyā(m)
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*wafraybʰyah
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| genitive
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*wafrahya
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*wafrayāh
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*wafrānaHam
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| locative
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*wafray
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*wafrayaw
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*wafrayšu
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Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (baura)
- Wakhi: (/warf/)
- Arabic script: ورف
- Cyrillic script: в̌арф (v̌arf)
- Latin script: warf
- Sogdic:
- Sogdian: (/wafrā/) [1]
- Sogdian script: 𐼴𐼱𐽀𐼳 (wβrh)
- Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫜𐫡𐫀 (wfrʾ)
- Yagnobi: барф (barf) (May be from Persian)
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri-Parachi:
- Ormuri: غوښر (γōṣ̌r), غوښ (γōṣ̌)
- Parachi: غرپ (γarp)
- Pashto: واوره (wāwra)
- Yidgha: [script needed] (wafrō)
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: برپ (barp), برف (barf)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: berf (barf), befr (bafr)
- Central Kurdish: بەفر (bafr), بەور (bawr)
- Southern Kurdish: وەفر (wafr)
- Laki: ڤەڕ (vař), ڤەفر (vafr)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
- Caspian
- Gilaki: ورف (vərf)
- Old Mazanderani: ورف (warf)
- Komisenian
- Old Median:
- Middle Median: *warfah
- Kermanic:
- Yazdi: ورپ (varp)
- Zoroastrian Dari: وفره (vafra)
- Tafreshi:
- Amorehi: ورفه (varfa)
- Ashtiani: ورف (varf)
- Kahaki: ورفه (varfa)
- Vafsi: فرف (farf)
- Tatic:
- Talysh: (/varf/)
- Arabic script: ورف
- Latin script: vərf
- Old Azari: وهر (wahr)
- Karingani: ور (var)
- Harzani: وهور (vohor)
- Parthian: (/wafr/)
- Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫜𐫡 (wfr)
- Zaza-Gurani:
- Zazaki: vewre (vawra), vewire (vawīra)
- Gurani: ۋەرۋە (ʋarʋa), ڤەفر (vafr)
- Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *vafrah
- Larestani: وفره (vafrah), وفر (vafr), بفر (bafr), برف (barf)
- Middle Persian: (/wafr/)
- Manichaean script: 𐫇𐫛𐫡 (wpr)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wpl)
- Lurish
- Bakhtiari: برف (barf)
- Northern Luri: برف (barf)
- Southern Luri: برف (barf)
- Classical Persian: برف (barf)
- Dari: برف (barf)
- Iranian Persian: برف (barf)
- Tajik: барф (barf)
References
- ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “wβrh”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 469a