Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/yugám

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yugám, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.

Noun

*yugám n[1]

  1. yoke

Inflection

neuter a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *yugám *yugáy *yugáH
vocative *yúgam *yúgay *yúgaH
accusative *yugám *yugáy *yugáH
instrumental *yugáH *yugáybʰyā(m) *yugā́yš
ablative *yugā́t *yugáybʰyā(m) *yugáybʰyah
dative *yugā́y *yugáybʰyā(m) *yugáybʰyah
genitive *yugáhya *yugáyāh *yugā́naHam
locative *yugáy *yugáyaw *yugáyšu

Derived terms

  • *frayugáH (“yoke-rope”)[2] (+ *fra-)

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: *yuua
      • Avestan: 𐬫𐬎𐬫𐬋𐬯𐬆𐬨𐬌 (yuyōsəmi)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Sogdian: [Syriac needed] (yɣw)
    • Yagnobi: [script needed] (yuɣ)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: جغ (źëǧ, juǧ), جوغ (źuǧ), ځغ (źeǧ), زغ (zëǧ)
    • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (yōɣ)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *yuɣ
      • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
        • Sarikoli: yuɣ
        • Shughni: йуғ (yuɣ), (Bartangi, Oroshori, Roshani) йӯғ (yūɣ), йоғ (yōɣ)
      • Yazghulami: йоғ (yoɣ)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Northern Kurdish: cûk (ǰūk)
    • → Classical Persian: یوغ (yūġ), یغ (yōġ), یو (yū)
      • Dari: یوغ (yūġ)
      • Iranian Persian: یوغ (yuġ)
      • Tajik: юғ (yuġ)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Classical Persian: جوغ (ǰūġ)
      • Shakhdari: جغ (ǰoğ)
      • Iranian Persian: جغ (ǰoġ)

References

  1. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) “*i̭uga-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 103-104
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard)
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