Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/winkō
Proto-Italic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *wi-n-k-, nasal infix from *weyk- (“to overcome”), whence also Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (weihan, “to fight”) and Old Church Slavonic вѣкъ (věkŭ, “age, long period of time”).
De Vaan believes that the roots *weyk- meaning "to overcome" (whence Latin vincō) and "to bend, curve" (whence Latin vinciō) are identical.
Verb
*winkō first-singular present indicative[1]
Inflection
| Inflection of *winkō (third conjugation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *winkō | |
| Perfect | — | |
| Aorist | *weik(s)om | |
| Past participle | *wiktos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *winkō | *winkōr |
| 2nd sing. | *winkes | *winkezo |
| 3rd sing. | *winket | *winketor |
| 1st plur. | *winkomos | *winkomor |
| 2nd plur. | *winketes | *winkem(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *winkont | *winkontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *winkām | *winkār |
| 2nd sing. | *winkās | *winkāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *winkād | *winkātor |
| 1st plur. | *winkāmos | *winkāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *winkātes | *winkām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *winkānd | *winkāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | *weik(s)om | |
| 2nd sing. | *weik(s)es | |
| 3rd sing. | *weik(s)ed | |
| 1st plur. | *wik(s)ome | |
| 2nd plur. | *wik(s)ete | |
| 3rd plur. | *wik(s)ond | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *winke | *winkezo |
| 2nd plur. | *winkete | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *winketōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *winkents | *wiktos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *wiktum | *winkezi | |
Derived terms
- *winkelom (“fetter”)[2]
- Latin: vinculum
- ⇒ Umbrian: preuiślatu (“he/she must fetter (preemptively)”, imperative 3sg.)
Descendants
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 679-80
- ^ Untermann, Jürgen (2000) “U.preuiślatu”, in Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter, →ISBN, page 576f.