Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/kur-

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Japonic

Etymology 1

Verb

*kur- (infinitive *kuri)

  1. to give
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: 呉 (kuru)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kure
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai: 呉りゆい (kuriyui)
      • Kunigami: 呉ーるん (kīrun)
      • Northern Amami Ōshima: 呉りぃるり (kurïruri)
      • Okinawan: 呉ゆん (kwiyun)
      • Okinoerabu: 呉りゆん (kuriyun)
      • Southern Amami Ōshima: 呉りぃゆむっ (kurïyum)
      • Tokunoshima: 呉ーりぃ (kwïïrï)
      • Yoron: 呉りゅん (kuryun)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 呉ーㇲ゙ (fīz)
      • Yaeyama: 呉ーるん (hīrun)
      • Yonaguni: 呉ゆん (hiyun)

Etymology 2

The core underlying meaning seems to be spin; turn around and around, as in Japanese adverb くるるに (kururu ni) and related vowel-shifted root *koro and derivations such as Japanese 転ぶ (korobu, “to tumble, to fall over”) and 転がる (korogaru, “to roll, to roll around”).

The derived sense of go mad (verb) and painful (adjective) arose from the way that someone suffering from convulsions would often turn around and around.[1][2]

Root

*kur-

  1. to spin; to turn around and around
Descendants
  • Old Japanese: くるるに (kururu ni, “spinningly, turningly”), 狂ふ (kurupu, “go mad”), 苦し (kurusi, “painful, stressful, excruciating”)
  • Japanese: くるくる (kurukuru, “spinningly”)
  • Old Japanese: 繰 (kuru, “to spin a thread”)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuri (“to spin a thread”)
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kunigami: 繰ん (kun)
      • Northern Amami Ōshima: 繰るり (kururi)
      • Okinawan: 繰ゆん (kuyun)
      • Yoron: 繰ゆん (kuyun)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • ⇒ Miyako: 手繰ぃ (tavï) (< *taguri)
      • Yaeyama: 繰るん (kurun)
  • Proto-Ryukyuan: *kuru (“painful”)
    • Northern Ryukyuan:
      • Kikai: 苦さい (-gurusai) (only used as a suffix)
      • Kunigami: 苦ーしぇん (-gurūshen, -gurīshen) (only used as a suffix)
      • Northern Amami Ōshima: 苦しゃり (xurushari)
      • Okinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)
      • Okinoerabu: 苦しゃん (gurushan)
      • Southern Amami Ōshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)
      • Tokunoshima: 苦しゃい (xurushai), 苦い (goroi), 苦ーい (xwëëi)
      • Yoron: 苦しゃん (gusshan, gurushan)
    • Southern Ryukyuan:
      • Miyako: 苦 (guri)
      • Yaeyama: 苦しゃーん (kurishān)
      • Yonaguni: 苦さん (-'ngurisan) (only used as a suffix)

References

  1. ^ “狂”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ “苦”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.