Reconstruction:Proto-Ryukyuan/kuru

This Proto-Ryukyuan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Ryukyuan

Etymology

From Proto-Japonic *kuru (“painful, stressful, suffering”).

Adjective

*kuru

  1. painful, stressful, suffering
    Synonym: *kutu

Descendants

  • Northern Ryukyuan:
    • Kikai: 苦さい (-gurusai) (only used as a suffix)
    • Kunigami: 苦ーしぇん (-gurūshen, -gurīshen) (only used as a suffix)
    • Northern Amami Ōshima: 苦しゃり (xurushari)
    • Okinawan: 苦さん (kurisan)
    • Okinoerabu: 苦しゃん (gurushan)
    • Southern Amami Ōshima: 苦しさむっ (gurushisam) (possibly a Japanese loanword)
    • Tokunoshima: 苦しゃい (xurushai), 苦い (goroi), 苦ーい (xwëëi)
    • Yoron: 苦しゃん (gusshan, gurushan)
  • Southern Ryukyuan:
    • Miyako: 苦 (guri)
    • Yaeyama: 苦しゃーん (kurishān)
    • Yonaguni: 苦さん (-'ngurisan) (only used as a suffix)
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