Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/bunuq

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *buNuq.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /bunuʔ/, /bunuq/

Verb

*bunuq

(transitive) to kill (put to death)

Descendants

Philippine
- Batanic
  - Ivatan: vono
  - Ibatan: bono
- Northern Luzon
  - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: bunó
- Central Luzon
  - Abenlen Ayta: bono
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: bunô
    - Bikol Central: bunô
    - Visayan
      - Cebuano: buno
      - Aklanon: bunó
      - Hiligaynon: bunó
      - Tausug: bunu'
    - Mansakan
      - Mansaka: bono
      - Tagakaulu Kalagan: bunu'
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: bunu
  - Manobo
    - Binukid: bunù
    - Agusan Manobo: bu'nù
    - Western Bukidnon Manobo: bunu'
  - Danao
    - Maguindanao: bunu
    - Maranao: bono'
- South Mindanao
  - Tiruray: bono
- Sangiric
  - Sangir: buno
- Minahasan
  - Tontemboan: wunu
  - Tombulu: wunu
Barito
- East Barito
  - Ma'anyan: wunu
  - Malagasy: vono
- West Barito
  - Ngaju: buno
North Bornean
- North Sarawakan
  - Berawan–Lower Baram
    - Berawan: buno
  - Dayic
    - Kelabit: bunu'
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Dairi Batak: bunuh
  - ⇒ Karo Batak: munuh
  - Toba Batak: bunu
- Simeulue: funu, bunu
- Nias: bunu
Proto-Malayic: *bunuh
- Ibanic
  - Iban: bunuh
- Malayan
  - Malay: bunuh
    - > Indonesian: bunuh (inherited)
    - > Peranakan Indonesian: boenoe (inherited)
  - Minangkabau: bunuah
- Urak Lawoi': บูนาะฮ (bunöh)
Old Javanese: wunuh
South Sulawesi
- Bugis–Tamanic
  - Buginese: uno
  - ⇒ Embaloh: mauno'
- Makassaric
  - Makasar: buno
  - Selayar: buno
- Northern
  - Tae': buno
  - Duri: buno
Celebic
- Wotu–Wolio
  - ⇒ Laiyolo: labunu
Chamorro: puno'
Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- Central Malayo-Polynesian
  - Timoric
    - Tetumic
      - Tetum: funu
      - Tetun Dili: funu
    - Wetar–Galoli
      - Ili'uun: hunu
    - Luangic
      - Leti: wunu
      - Luang: wuni
  - Aru
    - Dobel: ʔa-fun
    - Ujir: a-fun
    - West Tarangan: pun
  - Central Maluku
    - East Central Maluku
      - Banda–Geser
        Watubela: bunuk
      - Nunusaku
        Three Rivers
        Alune: bunu
        
        Piru Bay
        Asilulu: hunu
        
        Manipa: punu
        
        Larike-Wakasihu: hunu
      - Kowiai: na-fun
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
  - Halmahera–Cenderawasih
    - Halmahera Sea
      - As: bun
      - Ambel–Biga
        Biga: bun
      - Ma'ya–Matbat
        Ma'ya: ꞌbu³n
      - South Halmahera
        Buli (Indonesia): pun
        
        East Makian: pun
        
        Gane: pun
  - Oceanic: *punuq
    - Western Oceanic
      - Meso–Melanesian
        Tigak: punuk
      - Papuan Tip
        Molima: wunu
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic
      - Southeast Solomonic
        Bugotu–Gela
        Gela: punu
        
        Malaita–Makira
        Sa'a: hunu
        
        Arosi: hunu
        
        Kwaio: funu
        
        Lau: funu
      - Southern Oceanic
        Lonwolwol: wUn
      - Central Pacific
        Polynesian
        Maori: hunuhunu

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *buNuq₂.