Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qayam

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Austronesian *qayam (“bird”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔajam/, /qajam/

Noun

*qayam

domesticated animal (animals that are tame)
pet
toy; plaything

Verb

*qayam

to play

Descendants

Western Malayo-Polynesian: *qayam
- Kayanic:
  - Murik (Malaysia): ayam
- North Borneo:
  - Southwest Sabah:
    - Central Dusun: tayam
    - Coastal Kadazan: tazam
    - Rungus: azam
- Proto-Philippine: *qayam
  - Greater Central Philippine:
    - Central Philippine:
      - Bikol:
        Bikol Central: ayam
        Iriga Bicolano: ayam
        Northern Catanduanes Bicolano: ayam
        Southern Catanduanes Bicolano: ayam
      - Mansaka: ayam
      - Tagalog: ayam
      - Visayan:
        Cebuan:
        Cebuano: ayam
        Central Visayan:
        Hiligaynon: ayam
        Romblomanon: ayam
        Waray-Waray: ayam
        Western Visayan:
        Aklanon: ayam
        Inonhan: ayam
        Kinaray-a: ayam
    - Danao:
      - Maranao: ayam
    - Manobo:
      - Kagayanen: ayam
      - Sarangani Manobo: ayam-ayam
      - Western Bukidnon Manobo: ayam
  - Northern Luzon:
    - Gaddang: ayam
    - Isnag: ayam
    - Itawit: ayam
    - Lubuagan Kalinga: ayam
  - South Mindanao:
    - Tiruray: ayam
- Celebic:
  - Dampelas: neang
  - Pamona: aja
- Palauan: charm
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
  - Balinese: ayam
  - Proto-Malayic: *hayam
    - Brunei Malay: ayam
    - Iban: ayam (“toy”)
    - Malay: ayam / hayam / ايم / هايم
      - Indonesian: ayam
    - Urak Lawoi': ฮายับ (hayap)
  - Sundanese: hayam
- Old Javanese: hayam, ayam

Related terms

*manuk

External links

Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *qayam