Reconstruction:Proto-Mongolic/hon

This Proto-Mongolic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mongolic

Etymology

Cognate with Khitan 𘮗 (*po /⁠po⁠/, “time”).

Noun

*hon

(the duration of a) year
Coordinate terms: *ǰil (“[calendar] year”), *nasun (“year [of age]”)

Descendants

Middle Mongol: ᠣᠨ (on)
- Daur: hoon
- Central Mongolic:
  - Classical Mongolian: ᠣᠨ (on)
    - Buryat: он (on)
    - Mongolian: он (on)
  - Khamnigan Mongol: он
  - Kalmyk: он (on)
- Southern Mongolic:
  - East Yugur: hon
  - Shirongolic:
    - Bonan: xoŋ
    - Dongxiang: xon
    - Kangjia: hon, huŋ
    - Monguor:
      - Mangghuer: xon
      - Mongghul: fon
→ Manchu: ᡶᠣᠨ (fon, “time”)

References

Nugteren, Hans (2011) Mongolic phonology and the Qinghai-Gansu languages (dissertation)‎^[1], Utrecht: LOT, page 359: “*hon”
Vajda, Edward (2024) The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 111