Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔapʕaw-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ʔapʕaw- f

  1. viper, a kind of snake

Inflection

Declension of *ʔapʕaw-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ʔapʕawum *ʔapʕawāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *ʔapʕawam *ʔapʕawayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *ʔapʕawim
possessive forms
1st person *ʔapʕawī / *ʔapʕawVya *ʔapʕawVni
2nd person m *ʔapʕawVka *ʔapʕawVkumā / *ʔapʕawVkumay *ʔapʕawVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ʔapʕawVki *ʔapʕawVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ʔapʕawVšu *ʔapʕawVšumā / *ʔapʕawVšumay *ʔapʕawVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ʔapʕawVša *ʔapʕawVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔapʕawuya for nom. case, *ʔapʕawiya for gen. case, *ʔapʕawaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of *ʔapʕaw-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ʔapʕawum *ʔapʕawāna *ʔapʕawātum
accusative *ʔapʕawam *ʔapʕawayna *ʔapʕawātim
genitive *ʔapʕawim
possessive forms
1st person *ʔapʕawī / *ʔapʕawVya *ʔapʕawVni
2nd person m *ʔapʕawVka *ʔapʕawVkumā / *ʔapʕawVkumay *ʔapʕawVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ʔapʕawVki *ʔapʕawVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ʔapʕawVšu *ʔapʕawVšumā / *ʔapʕawVšumay *ʔapʕawVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ʔapʕawVša *ʔapʕawVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔapʕawuya for nom. case, *ʔapʕawiya for gen. case, *ʔapʕawaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Eblaite: 𒉌𒁀𒅇𒌝 (ì-pá-ù-um)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Arabic: أَفْعًى (ʔafʕan)
      • Northwest Semitic:
        • Canaanite:
          • Hebrew: אֶפְעֶה (ʾep̄ʿê)
        • Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎔𐎓 (ảpʿ /⁠ʾapʿā⁠/)
    • Ethiopian Semitic:
      • Amharic: እፉኝት (ʾəffuññət), ፉኝት (fuññət), እፍኝት (ʾəffəññət), ፍኝት (fəññət), እምፉት (ʾəmfut)
      • Ge'ez: አፍዖት (ʾäfʿot)
      • Harari: ሒፊኝ (ḥiffiñ)
      • Tigrinya: አፍዑት (ʾäfʿut), አፍዖት (ʾäfʿot)
      • Tigre: አፍዖት (ʾäfʿot)
      • Awngi: አፉወ (afuwa)

References

  • Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, page 14, nr. 10