Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḏiʔb-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ḏiʔb- m (plural *ḏiʔāb-)

wolf

Inflection

Declension of *ḏiʔb-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ḏiʔbum	*ḏiʔbāna	*ḏiʔābūna
accusative	*ḏiʔbam	*ḏiʔbayna	*ḏiʔābīna
genitive	*ḏiʔbim	*ḏiʔbayna	*ḏiʔābīna

possessive forms
1^st person	ḏiʔbī / ḏiʔbVya	—	*ḏiʔbVni
2^nd person m	*ḏiʔbVka	ḏiʔbVkumā / ḏiʔbVkumay	*ḏiʔbVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*ḏiʔbVki	ḏiʔbVkumā / ḏiʔbVkumay	*ḏiʔbVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*ḏiʔbVšu	ḏiʔbVšumā / ḏiʔbVšumay	*ḏiʔbVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*ḏiʔbVša	ḏiʔbVšumā / ḏiʔbVšumay	*ḏiʔbVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḏiʔbuya for nom. case, *ḏiʔbiya for gen. case, *ḏiʔbaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒉡𒌝𒈠 (zībum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: ذِئْب (ḏiʔb)
    - Egyptian Arabic: ديب (dīb)
    - Gulf Arabic: ذِيب (ḏīb)
    - Hijazi Arabic: ذِيب (dīb, ḏīb)
    - Maltese: dib
    - Moroccan Arabic: ديب (dīb)
    - → Malay: zib
      - Indonesian: zib
    - → Catalan: dip
    - → Old Spanish: adive
      - Spanish: adive
        → French: adive
        → English: adive
    - → English: dieb
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      - Imperial Aramaic: 𐡃𐡉𐡁𐡀 (dybʾ)
      - Classical Syriac: ܕ݁ܶܐܒܳܐ (deʾḇā)
      - Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: דֵּיבָא (dēḇā)
      - Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܕܝܒ
      - Classical Mandaic: ࡃࡉࡁࡀ (diba)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: זְאֵב (z'év, zǝʾēḇ)
  - Safaitic: 𐪙𐪑𐪈 (ḏʾb /⁠ḏeʾb⁠/)
Ethiopian Semitic:
- Amharic: ጅብ (ǧəb, “hyena”)
- Ge'ez: ዝእብ (zəʾb, “hyena”) (got confused with ፅዕብ (ṣ́əʿb, “hyena”) from *ṣ́abuʿ- (“hyena”))
- Tigrinya: ዝብኢ (zəbʾi, “hyena”)
  - → Tigre: ዝብኢ (zəbʾi)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
Fleischer, Heinrich Leberecht (1888) Kleinere Schriften‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Leipzig: S. Hirzel, →DOI, pages 212–213
Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 105–107 Nr. 72