Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥaḳl-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Compare Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴽⴰⵍ (akal), though the correspondence is irregular.

Noun

*ḥaḳl- m or f

  1. field

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *ḥaḳl-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ḥaḳlum *ḥaḳlāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *ḥaḳlam *ḥaḳlayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *ḥaḳlim
possessive forms
1st person *ḥaḳlī / *ḥaḳlVya *ḥaḳlVni
2nd person m *ḥaḳlVka *ḥaḳlVkumā / *ḥaḳlVkumay *ḥaḳlVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ḥaḳlVki *ḥaḳlVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ḥaḳlVšu *ḥaḳlVšumā / *ḥaḳlVšumay *ḥaḳlVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ḥaḳlVša *ḥaḳlVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥaḳluya for nom. case, *ḥaḳliya for gen. case, *ḥaḳlaya for acc. case, etc.

Femenine:

Declension of *ḥaḳl-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ḥaḳlum *ḥaḳlāna *ḥaḳlātum
accusative *ḥaḳlam *ḥaḳlayna *ḥaḳlātim
genitive *ḥaḳlim
possessive forms
1st person *ḥaḳlī / *ḥaḳlVya *ḥaḳlVni
2nd person m *ḥaḳlVka *ḥaḳlVkumā / *ḥaḳlVkumay *ḥaḳlVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ḥaḳlVki *ḥaḳlVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ḥaḳlVšu *ḥaḳlVšumā / *ḥaḳlVšumay *ḥaḳlVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ḥaḳlVša *ḥaḳlVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥaḳluya for nom. case, *ḥaḳliya for gen. case, *ḥaḳlaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒀀𒊮 (eqlum, field, countryside)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Arabic: حَقْل (ḥaql, field)
      • Northwest Semitic:
      • Old South Arabian:
        • Old South Arabian: 𐩢𐩤𐩡 (ḥql, field, countryside)
    • Ethiopian Semitic:
      • Ge'ez: ሐቅል (ḥäḳl, field, plain; countryside)