Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥargil-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Alternative reconstructions

  • *ḥargal-

Noun

*ḥargil- m

  1. locust
    Synonym: *ʔirbay-

Inflection

Declension of *ḥargil-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ḥargilum *ḥargilāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *ḥargilam *ḥargilayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *ḥargilim
possessive forms
1st person *ḥargilī / *ḥargilVya — *ḥargilVni
2nd person m *ḥargilVka *ḥargilVkumā / *ḥargilVkumay *ḥargilVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ḥargilVki *ḥargilVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ḥargilVšu *ḥargilVšumā / *ḥargilVšumay *ḥargilVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ḥargilVša *ḥargilVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥargiluya for nom. case, *ḥargiliya for gen. case, *ḥargilaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒉅𒅕𒄀𒈝 (ergilum)
      • → Sumerian: 𒉅𒅕𒄀𒈝 (buru₅ir-gi-lum /⁠irgilum⁠/)
    • Eblaite: 𒅕𒄀𒈝 (ir-gi-lum)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:
        • Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܚܲܪܓܘܼܠ (ḥargul)
        • Classical Syriac: ܚܪܓܠܐ (ḥargālā, ḥargəlā)
        • Jewish Literary Aramaic: חַרְגְּלָא (ḥargəlā) (Hebraizing variant in the same locus חַרְגֹּלָא (ḥargōlā))
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: חַרְגּוֹל (khargól, ḥargôl)
    • Old South Arabian:
      • Sabaean: 𐩲𐩧𐩴𐩡 (ʿrgl)

References

  • Nöldeke, Theodor (1904) Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎[1] (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, →DOI, page 89
  • Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volumes I: Anatomy of Man and Animals, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 142–143, Nr. 103
  • Sima, Alexander (2000) Tiere, Pflanzen, Steine und Metalle in den altsüdarabischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 31–33
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