Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṣ́aʔn-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ṣ́aʔn- m or f

  1. small cattle, especially sheep

Inflection

Declension of *ṣ́aʔn-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ṣ́aʔnum *ṣ́aʔnāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *ṣ́aʔnam *ṣ́aʔnayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *ṣ́aʔnim
possessive forms
1st person *ṣ́aʔnī / *ṣ́aʔnVya — *ṣ́aʔnVni
2nd person m *ṣ́aʔnVka *ṣ́aʔnVkumā / *ṣ́aʔnVkumay *ṣ́aʔnVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ṣ́aʔnVki *ṣ́aʔnVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ṣ́aʔnVšu *ṣ́aʔnVšumā / *ṣ́aʔnVšumay *ṣ́aʔnVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ṣ́aʔnVša *ṣ́aʔnVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṣ́aʔnuya for nom. case, *ṣ́aʔniya for gen. case, *ṣ́aʔnaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒇇𒇻𒄭𒀀 (ṣēnum)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Arabic: ضَأْن (ḍaʔn)
      • Northwest Semitic:
        • Aramaic:
          Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: עָנָא (ʿānā)
          Classical Syriac: ܥܳܢܳܐ (ʿānā)
        • Canaanite
        • Ugaritic: 𐎕𐎛𐎐 (ṣỉn /⁠ṣiʾnu⁠/)
      • Old South Arabian
        • Old South Arabian: 𐩼𐩱𐩬 (ẓʾn)
    • Ethiopian Semitic: (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

References

  • Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 205
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