Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṭiḥāl-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ṭiḥāl- m

spleen, milt

Inflection

Declension of *ṭiḥāl-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ṭiḥālum	*ṭiḥālāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*ṭiḥālam	*ṭiḥālayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*ṭiḥālim	*ṭiḥālayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	ṭiḥālī / ṭiḥālVya	—	*ṭiḥālVni
2^nd person m	*ṭiḥālVka	ṭiḥālVkumā / ṭiḥālVkumay	*ṭiḥālVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*ṭiḥālVki	ṭiḥālVkumā / ṭiḥālVkumay	*ṭiḥālVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*ṭiḥālVšu	ṭiḥālVšumā / ṭiḥālVšumay	*ṭiḥālVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*ṭiḥālVša	ṭiḥālVšumā / ṭiḥālVšumay	*ṭiḥālVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṭiḥāluya for nom. case, *ṭiḥāliya for gen. case, *ṭiḥālaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

⇒ East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒌅𒇷𒈬 (ṭulimum, tulimum)
- Eblaite: 𒋾𒄴𒈬 (ti-ʾá-mu / ti-aḫ-mu)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: طِحَال (ṭiḥāl)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: טְחָלָא (ṭəḥālā)
      
      Classical Syriac: ܛܚܳܠܳܐ (ṭəḥālā, “spleen”).
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: טְחוֹל (t'khól, təḥôl)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎉𐎈𐎍 (ṭḥl /⁠ṭiḥālu⁠/)
- Ethiopian Semitic::
  - Argobba: [script needed] (ṭaha)
  - Chaha: [script needed] (ṭar)
  - Harari: [script needed] (ṭāḥa)
  - Inor: [script needed] (ṭara)
  - Kistane: [script needed] (ṭala)
  - Mesqan: [script needed] (ṭala)
  - Muher: [Term?] (ṭala)
  - Sebat Bet Gurage: [script needed] (ṭāra)
  - Silt'e: [script needed] (ṭār)
  - Wolane: [script needed] (ṭalä)
- ⇒ Modern South Arabian:
  - Harsusi: [script needed] (ṭelḥáym)
  - Mehri: [script needed] (ṭɛlḥáym)
  - Shehri: [script needed] (ṭɛlḥím)
  - Soqotri: [script needed] (ṭálḥəm), [script needed] (ṭálḥəm)

References

Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volumes I: Anatomy of Man and Animals, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 248–249