Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/raʕd-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*raʕd- m

thunder

Declension

Declension of *raʕd-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*raʕdum	*raʕdāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*raʕdam	*raʕdayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*raʕdim	*raʕdayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	raʕdī / raʕdVya	—	*raʕdVni
2^nd person m	*raʕdVka	raʕdVkumā / raʕdVkumay	*raʕdVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*raʕdVki	raʕdVkumā / raʕdVkumay	*raʕdVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*raʕdVšu	raʕdVšumā / raʕdVšumay	*raʕdVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*raʕdVša	raʕdVšumā / raʕdVšumay	*raʕdVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *raʕduya for nom. case, *raʕdiya for gen. case, *raʕdaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒊏𒀀𒁺𒌝 (rādum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: رَعْد (raʕd)
    - Maltese: ragħad
    - Moroccan Arabic: رعد (raʕd)
    - → Persian: رعد (ra'd)
    - → Swahili: radi
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Amorite:
      - Ugaritic: 𐎗𐎓𐎚 (rʿt)
    - Aramaic:
      - Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܪܥܕ (rʿd)
- South Semitic:
  - Ethiopian Semitic:
    - Harari: ራእዲ (raʾdi)
    - Argobba: ራኣድ (raʾad)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 194