Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/ken

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ken ⪤ mkyen (Coblin, 1986)
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *ken ⪤ *m-kyen (Matisoff, STEDT); *(m-)kyen (Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; Coblin, 1986)

For a similar semantic development, compare Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see (⇒ view), to know (⇒ wise)”).

Verb

*ken

  1. to see
  2. to know

Descendants

  • Old Chinese:
    見 / 见 (*kˁen-s (B-S); *keːns (ZS), “to see, to visit”)
    見 / 见, 現 / 现 (*ɴ-kˁen-s (B-S); *geːns (ZS), “to appear, to show up”)
    見 / 见, 現 / 现 (*m-kˁen-s (B-S); *geːns (ZS), “to cause to appear, to introduce; now”)
    俔 / 伣 (*ɴ-kˁenʔ (B-S); *kʰeːns, *geːnʔ (ZS), “to look like, look as if”)
    perhaps also
    顯 / 显 (*qʰˁenʔ (B-S); *ŋ̊eːnʔ (ZS), “to display, to manifest; bright”)
    (見 in the oracle bone script - eye on person)
    • Middle Chinese: 見 / 见 (kenH, ɦenH), 現 / 现 (ɦenH), 俔 / 伣 (kʰenH, ɦenX), 顯 / 显 (henX)

      → Japanese: 見 (けん, ​ken)
      Korean: 견 (見, gyeon)
      Vietnamese: kiến (見)

      → Japanese: 現 (げん, ​gen)
      Korean: 현 (現, hyeon)
      Vietnamese: hiện (現)

      • Modern Mandarin
        • Beijing: 見 / 见 (jiàn, /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/), 現 / 现 (xiàn) (xiàn, /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/), 俔 / 伣 (qiàn, /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵¹/), 顯 / 显 (xiǎn) (xiǎn, /ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/)
  • Himalayish
    • Tibeto-Kanauri
      • Bodic
        • Tibetan
          • Tibetan: མཁྱེན་པ (mkhyen pa, “to know, to comprehend, to cognise; knowledge, wisdom”)

See also

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