Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čarъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker-, *kēr-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do, make, build”). Cognate with Sanskrit करोति (karóti), Lithuanian kùrti.

Slavic forms with *čar- presuppose a nominal lengthened-grade derivation, i.e. Proto-Balto-Slavic *kēr- (Lithuanian kẽras (“charm, magic”)). Serbo-Croatian feminine i-stem is probably an archaism—lengthened grade is expected in PIE root nouns which yield Balto-Slavic i-stems. The PIE root probably already had magical connotations, i.e. denoting remote action by magical means. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*čarъ m[1]

  1. magic, sorcery

Declension

Declension of *čarъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *čarъ *čara *čari
genitive *čara *čaru *čarъ
dative *čaru *čaroma *čaromъ
accusative *čarъ *čara *čary
instrumental *čarъmь, *čaromь* *čaroma *čary
locative *čarě *čaru *čarěxъ
vocative *čare *čara *čari

* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Alternative forms

  • *čarь

Derived terms

  • *čarati
  • *čariti
  • *čarodějь (“wizard, magician, sorcerer”)
  • *čarovati (“to cast spell on, to bewitch, hex”)

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: чаръ (čarŭ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: чаръ (čarŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⱍⰰⱃⱏ (čarŭ)
    • Bulgarian: чар (čar)
    • Macedonian: чар (čar)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ча̑р
      Latin script: čȃr
    • Slovene: čár
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: čar, čár (“magic”)[2]
      • Czech: čar, čár (“charm”) (poetic), čáry m inan pl (“magic”)[3]
    • Old Polish: czar
    • Pomeranian:
      • Kashubian: czôr; ⇒ czarë
      • Slovincian: czary
    • Old Slovak: čar

Further reading

  • “keras”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “чары”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*čarъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 26
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “*čarъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 114
  • Skok, Petar (1971) “Proto-Slavic/čarъ”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 295
  • Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 362
  • Gluhak, Alemko (1993) “Proto-Slavic/čarъ”, in Hrvatski etimološki rječnik [Croatian Etymology Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), Zagreb: August Cesarec, →ISBN, page 171

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čarъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 78: “m. o ‘magic, sorcery’”
  2. ^ Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “čár”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
  3. ^ “čár”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
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