Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čerda

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)kerdāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerdʰ-.

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian ker̃džius (“shepherd”), sker̃džius (“shepherd”), Old Prussian kērdan (“time (acc. sg.)”).

Indo-European cognates include Proto-Germanic *herdō (“herd”), and possibly Sanskrit शर्ध m (śárdha, “host (of Maruts)”) and Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sar^əδa, “kind, nature”).

Noun

*čērdà f^[1]^[2]

file, herd

Inflection

Declension of *čērdà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*čērdà	*čẽrdě	*čērdỳ
genitive	*čērdỳ	*čērdù	*čẽrdъ
dative	*čērdě̀	*čērdàma	*čērdàmъ
accusative	*čērdǫ̀	*čẽrdě	*čērdỳ
instrumental	čērdòjǫ, čẽrdǫ^**	*čērdàma	*čērdàmī
locative	*čērdě̀	*čērdù	čērdàsъ, čērdàxъ^*
vocative	*čerdo	*čẽrdě	*čērdỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

*čẽrdъ

Derived terms

*čērdìti

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: череда (čereda)
  - Belarusian: чарада́ (čaradá)
  - Russian: череда́ (čeredá, “sequence, file, turn (obsolete), herd of cattle (dialectal)”), acc. череду́ (čeredú), че́реду (čéredu) (dialectal)
  - Ukrainian: череда́ (čeredá)
  - → Polish: czereda
  - → Yiddish: טשערעדע (tsherede)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: чрѣда (črěda)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
  - → Russian: чреда́ (čredá)
- Bulgarian: черда́ (čerdá, “herd of cattle”)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: чре́да (“turn, sequence”)
  
  Latin script: čréda
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): črīdȁ (“herd of sheep”) (obsolete)
  - Chakavian (Novi): črēdȁ (“herd of sheep”), acc. črȇdu
- Slovene: črẹ́da (“herd, flock, row”) (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: čřieda
  - Czech: třída
- Old Polish: trzoda, czroda, czrzoda, strzeda
  - Polish: trzoda
- Slovak: črieda (“herd”), trieda (“class”)
- Slovincian: strzóda (“herd”)
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: črjóda (“multitude”)

Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: cireadă
- → Hungarian: csorda
  - → Romanian: ciurdă

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čerdà; *čérdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81: “f. ā; m. o (b) ‘file, herd’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “čerda čerdy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b herd; row; turn (NA 92, 141; PR 135)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*čerdà; *čérdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 81: “f. ā; m. o (b) ‘file, herd’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “čerda čerdy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b herd; row; turn (NA 92, 141; PR 135)”

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