Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ęčьmy

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Early Proto-Slavic *ińčímūn.^[1] Unknown. Sometimes linked to Proto-Indo-European *h₂enk- (“to bend”) (see *ǫkotь (“hook”)),^[2] but the semantics are dubious. Alternatively, to Ancient Greek ἀκοστή (akostḗ, “barley”), Latin acus (“bran; awn”), Old English ēar (“ear of grain”), Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ahana, “awn; chaff”), Tocharian B āk (“ear, awn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed; awn”),^[3] though Beekes rejects the Greek connection.^[4] This suffers phonetic problems, namely that *č is unexpected and the nasal vowel would be unexplained. A third possibility is substrate origin, like many other agricultural terms in Indo-European.

Noun

*ęčьmy m^[2]

barley

Inflection

Declension of *ęčьmy (n-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ęčьmy	*ęčьmeni	*ęčьmene
genitive	*ęčьmene	*ęčьmenu	*ęčьmenъ
dative	*ęčьmeni	*ęčьmenьma	*ęčьmenьmъ
accusative	*ęčьmenь	*ęčьmeni	*ęčьmeni
instrumental	*ęčьmenьmь	*ęčьmenьma	*ęčьmenьmi
locative	*ęčьmene	*ęčьmenu	*ęčьmenьxъ
vocative	*ęčьmy	*ęčьmeni	*ęčьmene

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ѩчьмꙑ (jęčĭmy), ѩчьмень (jęčĭmenĭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: ѧчмень (jačmenʹ)
    - Belarusian: ячме́нь (jačmjénʹ)
    - Ukrainian: ячмі́нь (jačmínʹ)
  - Russian: ячме́нь (jačménʹ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: ѩчьнѣнъ (jęčĭněnŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱗⱍⱐⱀⱑⱏ (jęčĭněŭ)
- ⇒ Bulgarian: ечеми́к (ečemík)
- Macedonian: ја́чмен (jáčmen)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Serbo-Croatian: јѐчам, [Term?], [Term?]
  
  Serbo-Croatian: jèčam, jȅčmēn, jȁčmen
  - Chakavian (Orbanići): jȁčmik
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): jȁčmer
- Slovene: jéčmen
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: jěčmen
  - Czech: ječmen
- Kashubian: jiczmë
- Polabian: jącmin
- Polish: jęczmień
- Slovak: jačmeň
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: jacmjeń
  - Upper Sorbian: ječmjeń

References

^ Klotz, Emanuel (2017) Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 117
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ęčьmy”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 156–157: “m. n ‘barley’”
^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ячме́нь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀκοστή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55

[1] Klotz, Emanuel (2017) Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 117

[Derksen-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ęčьmy”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 156–157: “m. n ‘barley’”

[3] Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ячме́нь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

[4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἀκοστή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55

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