Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žaliti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From an earlier *žěliti, an intensive variant of Proto-Slavic *želěti. Formed as *žalь (“grief, sorrow”) +‎ *-iti, continuing pre-Slavic *gʷēlH- +‎ *-yéti.[1]

Verb

*žaliti impf (perfective *žalovati)[1]

  1. to grieve, to feel sorrow
  2. to pity

Conjugation

Conjugation of *žaliti, *žali, *žalitь (impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*žaľenьje *žaliti *žalitъ *žalilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *žaľenъ *žalimъ
Active *žaľь *žalę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žalixъ *žali *žali *žaľǫ *žališi *žalitь
Dual *žalixově *žalista *žaliste *žalivě *žalita *žalite
Plural *žalixomъ *žaliste *žališę *žalimъ *žalite *žalętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *žaľaaxъ *žaľaaše *žaľaaše — *žali *žali
Dual *žaľaaxově *žaľaašeta *žaľaašete *žalivě *žalita —
Plural *žaľaaxomъ *žaľaašete *žaľaaxǫ *žalimъ *žalite —
    Notes:
  • (*)*žalivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷelH- (0 c, 8 e)

Derived terms

  • *dožaliti (“to pity”)
  • *nažaliti (“to regret”)
  • *orzžaliti (“to bust, to degrade”)
  • *ožaliti (“to feel sorrow”)
  • *peržaliti (“to get over (s.t.), to recover (from loss)”)
  • *požaliti (“to pity”)
  • *sъžaliti (“to repent”)
  • *zažaliti (“to express sorrow”)
  • *žalevьnъ (“sorrowful, distressed”)
  • *žalь (“grief, burial monument”)
  • *žalьba (“complaint”)
  • *žalьnica f (“wretch”)
  • *žalьnikъ m (“wretch”)
  • *žalьnъ (“pitiful”)
  • *žalostь (“remorse, pity”)
  • *žalъkъ (“miserable, abject”)

Descendants

  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: жалити (žaliti)
    • Bulgarian: жа̀ля (žàlja)
    • Macedonian: жали (žali)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: жа̏лити
      Latin script: žȁliti
    • Slovene: žalīti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
  • Non-Slavic:

Further reading

  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “жал”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 522

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “žȁl”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
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