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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Onomatopoeic, parallel to *buka (“bang”), *bučati (“to roar”) with -u- vocalism and *bykati (Czech býkat, Bulgarian би́кам (bíkam)), *bykovati (Russian быкова́ть (bykovátʹ), Polish bykować) with -y- vocalism. Further akin to Lithuanian bucêt (“to sound, to buzz”), Latvian bùkti (“to neigh”).
Some of the meanings reflect denominative *bykъ (“bull”) + *-ěti = “to act as a bull” > “to ram, to jostle”.
Verb
*byčati impf
- (onomatopoeia) to roar, to neigh
- Synonym: *bučati
- (expressive) to ram, to jostle
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*byčati, *byča, *byčitь (
impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *byčanьje
|
*byčati
|
*byčatъ
|
*byčalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*byčanъ
|
*byčimъ
|
| Active
|
*byčavъ
|
*byčę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*byčaxъ |
*byča |
*byča
|
*byčǫ |
*byčiši |
*byčitь
|
| Dual
|
*byčaxově |
*byčasta |
*byčaste
|
*byčivě |
*byčita |
*byčite
|
| Plural
|
*byčaxomъ |
*byčaste |
*byčašę
|
*byčimъ |
*byčite |
*byčętь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*byčaaxъ |
*byčaaše |
*byčaaše
|
— |
*byči |
*byči
|
| Dual
|
*byčaaxově |
*byčaašeta |
*byčaašete
|
*byčivě |
*byčita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*byčaaxomъ |
*byčaašete |
*byčaaxǫ
|
*byčimъ |
*byčite |
—
|
Conjugation of
*byčati, *byča, *byčajetь (
impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *byčanьje
|
*byčati
|
*byčatъ
|
*byčalъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*byčanъ
|
*byčajemъ
|
| Active
|
*byčavъ
|
*byčaję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*byčaxъ |
*byča |
*byča
|
*byčajǫ |
*byčaješi |
*byčajetь
|
| Dual
|
*byčaxově |
*byčasta |
*byčaste
|
*byčajevě |
*byčajeta |
*byčajete
|
| Plural
|
*byčaxomъ |
*byčaste |
*byčašę
|
*byčajemъ |
*byčajete |
*byčajǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*byčaaxъ |
*byčaaše |
*byčaaše
|
— |
*byčaji |
*byčaji
|
| Dual
|
*byčaaxově |
*byčaašeta |
*byčaašete
|
*byčajivě |
*byčajita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*byčaaxomъ |
*byčaašete |
*byčaaxǫ
|
*byčajimъ |
*byčajite |
—
|
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- ⇒ Ukrainian: биць-биць (bycʹ-bycʹ), бинь-бинь (bynʹ-bynʹ, “cattle's call”)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: бинча́ти (bynčáty), би́нькати (býnʹkaty, “to neigh, moan”) (of animal)
- South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: би́ча (bíča), би́чкам (bíčkam, “to knock over, to trip”) (partially)
- West Slavic:
References
- ^ František Št. Kott (1878) “byčeti”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 111
- ^ František Št. Kott (1878) “bučeti”, in Česko-německý slovník zvláště grammaticko-fraseologický (in Czech), Prague: Josef Kolář, page 105
- ^ J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “byczeć”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 242
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*byčati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 146
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бича², бичкам, бична”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 51
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “бинькати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 184
- Anikin, A. E. (2011) “бы́каться”, in Русский этимологический словарь [Russian Etymological Dictionary] (in Russian), issue 5 (буба – вакштаф), Moscow: Znak, →ISBN, page 277
- “baukti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
