Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gňida

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gnī́ˀdāˀ; cognate with Lithuanian gni̇́da, Latvian gnĩda.

Noun

*gňìda f^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

nit (louse egg)

Declension

Declension of *gňìda (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gňìda	*gňìdě	*gňìdy
genitive	*gňìdy	*gňìdu	*gňìdъ
dative	*gňìdě	*gňìdama	*gňìdamъ
accusative	*gňìdǫ	*gňìdě	*gňìdy
instrumental	gňìdojǫ, gňìdǭ^**	*gňìdama	*gňìdamī
locative	*gňìdě	*gňìdu	gňìdasъ, gňìdaxъ^*
vocative	*gňìdo	*gňìdě	*gňìdy

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: гні́да (hnída)
- Russian: гни́да (gnída)
- Ukrainian: гни́да (hnýda)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: гни́да (gnída)
- Macedonian: гнида (gnida)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: гњи̏да
  
  Latin script: gnjȉda
- Slovene: gnída (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: hnida
  - Czech: hnida
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): hnída
    - Moravian (Mistřice): hňida
- Polabian: gnaidă
- Polish: gnida
- Slovak: hnida
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: hnida
  - Lower Sorbian: gnida

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gņìda”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “f. ā (a) ‘nit’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gnida gnidy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 22; RPT 111)”
^ Dybo, Vladimir A., Zamyatina, Galina I., Nikolaev, Sergei L. (1990) Основы славянской акцентологии [Fundamentals of Slavic Accentology]‎^[2] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 42
^ Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гни́да”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 256

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gņìda”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 169: “f. ā (a) ‘nit’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “gnida gnidy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 22; RPT 111)”

[3] Dybo, Vladimir A., Zamyatina, Galina I., Nikolaev, Sergei L. (1990) Основы славянской акцентологии [Fundamentals of Slavic Accentology]‎^[2] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 42

[4] Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “гни́да”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 256

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