Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gruzъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grauˀźas. Cognate with Lithuanian gráužas (“gravel, coarse sand”) (dialectally graũžas), Latvian gruži pl (“crushed stone”).

Noun

*gruzъ m

  1. crushed stone

Declension

Declension of *gruzъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *gruzъ *gruza *gruzi
genitive *gruza *gruzu *gruzъ
dative *gruzu *gruzoma *gruzomъ
accusative *gruzъ *gruza *gruzy
instrumental *gruzъmь, *gruzomь* *gruzoma *gruzy
locative *gruzě *gruzu *gruzěxъ
vocative *gruze *gruza *gruzi

* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

  • *gruza (“lump”)
  • *gruzъlъ, *gruzъla (“lump of earth”)
  • *gruda (“heap, lump”)
  • *gruzdь / *gruzdъ (“milk-cap mushroom”)
  • *gryzti (“to gnaw”)

Descendants

  • West Slavic:
    • Kashubian: gruz, gruzgòt (“crushed stone, broken bricks”)
    • Old Polish: gruz (“crushed stone, broken bricks”)
      • Polish: gruz (“crushed stone, broken stone”), pl. gruzy (“ruins”), dial. grus
        • → Kashubian: gruzë, gruzgòtë (“ruins (calque)”)

Further reading

  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gruzъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 158
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “груза”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 286
  • “graužas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
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