Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьzměna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *jьz- +‎ *měna (“change”).

Noun

*jьzměna f

change, shift
treason

Inflection

Declension of *jьzměna (hard a-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jьzměna	*jьzměně	*jьzměny
genitive	*jьzměny	*jьzměnu	*jьzměnъ
dative	*jьzměně	*jьzměnama	*jьzměnamъ
accusative	*jьzměnǫ	*jьzměně	*jьzměny
instrumental	jьzměnojǫ, jьzměnǫ^**	*jьzměnama	*jьzměnami
locative	*jьzměně	*jьzměnu	jьzměnasъ, jьzměnaxъ^*
vocative	*jьzměno	*jьzměně	*jьzměny

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: измѣна (izměna)
  - Old Ruthenian: змѣ́на (změ́na), измѣ́на (izmě́na)
    - Belarusian: зме́на (zmjéna); зьме́на (zʹmjéna) (dialectal)
    - Ukrainian: змі́на (zmína)
  - Russian: изме́на (izména)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  - Russian Church Slavonic: измѣна (izměna)
- Bulgarian: измя́на (izmjána); изме́на (izména) (dialectal)
- Macedonian: измена (izmena)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: и̏змјена, и̏змена
  
  Latin script: ȉzmjena, ȉzmena
- Slovene: izmȇna (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: zmiana
- Czech: změna
- Polish: zmiana
- Silesian: zmiana
- Slovak: zmena

References

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьzměna”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 46