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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From *kľùka (“hook”) + *-iti or *kľúčь (“key”) + *-iti.
Verb
*kľùčiti or *kľučìti impf[1][2][3]
- lock
Conjugation
AP a is reflected by Slovene, Czech and as an alternative in Serbo-Croatian, while the other Serbo-Croatian alternative, and Old Russian, point to c.
Conjugation of
*kľučiti, *kľuči, *kľučitь (
impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *kľučenьje
|
*kľučiti
|
*kľučitъ
|
*kľučilъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*kľučenъ
|
*kľučimъ
|
| Active
|
*kľučь
|
*kľučę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*kľučixъ |
*kľuči |
*kľuči
|
*kľučǫ |
*kľučiši |
*kľučitь
|
| Dual
|
*kľučixově |
*kľučista |
*kľučiste
|
*kľučivě |
*kľučita |
*kľučite
|
| Plural
|
*kľučixomъ |
*kľučiste |
*kľučišę
|
*kľučimъ |
*kľučite |
*kľučętь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*kľučaaxъ |
*kľučaaše |
*kľučaaše
|
— |
*kľuči |
*kľuči
|
| Dual
|
*kľučaaxově |
*kľučaašeta |
*kľučaašete
|
*kľučivě |
*kľučita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*kľučaaxomъ |
*kľučaašete |
*kľučaaxǫ
|
*kľučimъ |
*kľučite |
—
|
Notes: - (*)*kľučivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Conjugation of
*kľučiti, *kľuči, *kľučitь (
impf., -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *kľučenьje
|
*kľučiti
|
*kľučitъ
|
*kľučilъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*kľučenъ
|
*kľučimъ
|
| Active
|
*kľučь
|
*kľučę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*kľučixъ |
*kľuči |
*kľuči
|
*kľučǫ |
*kľučiši |
*kľučitь
|
| Dual
|
*kľučixově |
*kľučista |
*kľučiste
|
*kľučivě |
*kľučita |
*kľučite
|
| Plural
|
*kľučixomъ |
*kľučiste |
*kľučišę
|
*kľučimъ |
*kľučite |
*kľučętь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*kľučaaxъ |
*kľučaaše |
*kľučaaše
|
— |
*kľuči |
*kľuči
|
| Dual
|
*kľučaaxově |
*kľučaašeta |
*kľučaašete
|
*kľučivě |
*kľučita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*kľučaaxomъ |
*kľučaašete |
*kľučaaxǫ
|
*kľučimъ |
*kľučite |
—
|
Notes: - (*)*kľučivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle
Descendants
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: ключити (ključiti)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: кљу̀чити, кљу̏чити
- Latin script: kljùčiti, kljȕčiti
- Slovene: kljúčiti (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kľúčiti[4]
- Czech: klíčiti (“to deject”) (rare)[5]
- Kashubian: klëczëc
- Polish: zakluczyć, odkluczyć
- Slovak: kľučati
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kļučiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 226: “v. ‘lock’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “ključiti: ključjǫ ključitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c låse (PR 140)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kljúčiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kl'űčiti”
- ^ Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “kľúčiti”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
- ^ “klíčiti”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989