Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/koza

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Possibly related to Albanian kedh (“kid”), which would then render the Proto-Indo-European reconstruction as *koǵʰeh₂.

In older sources it is usually grouped with PIE *h₂eǵós (“he-goat”) but initial *k- does not match, or with set of Germanic cognates such as Old English hæcen (“kid”) and Middle Dutch hoeke, which is precluded by Winter's law.

Noun

*kozà f^[1]^[2]

goat

Declension

Declension of *kozà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kozà	*kòzě	*kozỳ
genitive	*kozỳ	*kozù	*kòzъ
dative	*kozě̀	*kozàma	*kozàmъ
accusative	*kozǫ̀	*kòzě	*kozỳ
instrumental	kozòjǫ, kòzǫ^**	*kozàma	*kozàmī
locative	*kozě̀	*kozù	kozàsъ, kozàxъ^*
vocative	*kozo	*kòzě	*kozỳ

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*kozьlъ (“he-goat”)
*koža (“skin; leather”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: каза́ (kazá)
- Russian: коза́ (kozá)
  - → Kildin Sami: коаза (kåza)
- Ukrainian: коза́ (kozá)
- → Latvian: kaza
- → Veps: koza
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: коза (koza)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰽⱁⰸⰰ (koza)
- Bulgarian: коза́ (kozá)
- Macedonian: ко́за (kóza)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ко̀за
  
  Latin script: kòza
- Slovene: kóza (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: koza
  - Czech: koza
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): koza
- Kashubian: kòza
- Polabian: ťöză
- Polish: koza
  - → Low Prussian: Koss
- Slovak: koza
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: koza
  - Lower Sorbian: kóza

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kozà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 242: “f. ā (b) ‘goat’”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “koza kozy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 166, 199; PR 138)”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kozà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 242: “f. ā (b) ‘goat’”

[2] Olander, Thomas (2001) “koza kozy”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 166, 199; PR 138)”

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