Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kuna

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kaunā́ˀ. Related to, but not exactly cognate with, Lithuanian kiáunė and Latvian caûna.

In some languages, the obsolete *kuna (“necklace, adornment, icon”), possibly borrowed from dialectal Ancient Greek κούνα (koúna), standard εἰκών (eikṓn, “image, icon”), is attested. Per Trubachev, a native formation from the deverbal participle *kuti (“to forge”) +‎ *-nа.

Noun

*kūnà or *kunà f[1][2]

  1. marten

Declension

Declension of *kūnà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *kūnà *kũně *kūnỳ
genitive *kūnỳ *kūnù *kũnъ
dative *kūně̀ *kūnàma *kūnàmъ
accusative *kūnǫ̀ *kũně *kūnỳ
instrumental *kūnòjǫ, *kũnǫ** *kūnàma *kūnàmī
locative *kūně̀ *kūnù *kūnàsъ, *kūnàxъ*
vocative *kuno *kũně *kūnỳ

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Declension of *kunà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *kunà *kȗně *kȗny
genitive *kuný *kunù *kũnъ
dative *kuně̀ *kunàma *kunàmъ
accusative *kȗnǫ *kȗně *kȗny
instrumental *kunojǫ́ *kunàma *kunàmi
locative *kȗně *kunù *kunàsъ, *kunàxъ*
vocative *kuno *kȗně *kȗny

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: куна (kuna)
    • Old Novgorodian: коуна (kuna)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      • Church Slavonic: коуна (kuna)
      • Bulgarian: ку́на (kúna) (dialectal)
      • Macedonian: куна (kuna)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ку́на
      Latin script: kúna
    • Slovene: kúna (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading

  • Verweij, Arno (1994) “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics)‎[2], volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 504
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “куница”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kuna”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 103
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “куна²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 133

References

  1. ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kuna kuny”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c mår (PR 135)”
  2. ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kúna”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “*kuna̋”
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