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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Possibly originally participle of *kysnǫti (“to go sour”). Morphologically *kys- + *-lъ.
Adjective
*kỳslъ[1][2]
- sour
- Synonyms: *kysělъ, *kysalъ
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *kyslъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*kyslъ
|
*kysla
|
*kyslo
|
| genitive
|
*kysla
|
*kysly
|
*kysla
|
| dative
|
*kyslu
|
*kyslě
|
*kyslu
|
| accusative
|
*kyslъ
|
*kyslǫ
|
*kyslo
|
| instrumental
|
*kyslomь
|
*kyslojǫ
|
*kyslomь
|
| locative
|
*kyslě
|
*kyslě
|
*kyslě
|
| vocative
|
*kysle
|
*kyslo
|
*kyslo
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*kysla
|
*kyslě
|
*kyslě
|
| genitive
|
*kyslu
|
*kyslu
|
*kyslu
|
| dative
|
*kysloma
|
*kyslama
|
*kysloma
|
| accusative
|
*kysla
|
*kyslě
|
*kyslě
|
| instrumental
|
*kysloma
|
*kyslama
|
*kysloma
|
| locative
|
*kyslu
|
*kyslu
|
*kyslu
|
| vocative
|
*kysla
|
*kyslě
|
*kyslě
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*kysli
|
*kysly
|
*kysla
|
| genitive
|
*kyslъ
|
*kyslъ
|
*kyslъ
|
| dative
|
*kyslomъ
|
*kyslamъ
|
*kyslomъ
|
| accusative
|
*kysly
|
*kysly
|
*kysla
|
| instrumental
|
*kysly
|
*kyslami
|
*kysly
|
| locative
|
*kyslěxъ
|
*kyslaxъ
|
*kyslěxъ
|
| vocative
|
*kysli
|
*kysly
|
*kysla
|
Definite declension of *kyslъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*kyslъjь
|
*kyslaja
|
*kysloje
|
| genitive
|
*kyslajego
|
*kyslyję̇
|
*kyslajego
|
| dative
|
*kyslujemu
|
*kyslěji
|
*kyslujemu
|
| accusative
|
*kyslъjь
|
*kyslǫjǫ
|
*kysloje
|
| instrumental
|
*kyslyjimь
|
*kyslǫjǫ
|
*kyslyjimь
|
| locative
|
*kyslějemь
|
*kyslěji
|
*kyslějemь
|
| vocative
|
*kyslъjь
|
*kyslaja
|
*kysloje
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*kyslaja
|
*kyslěji
|
*kyslěji
|
| genitive
|
*kysluju
|
*kysluju
|
*kysluju
|
| dative
|
*kyslyjima
|
*kyslyjima
|
*kyslyjima
|
| accusative
|
*kyslaja
|
*kyslěji
|
*kyslěji
|
| instrumental
|
*kyslyjima
|
*kyslyjima
|
*kyslyjima
|
| locative
|
*kysluju
|
*kysluju
|
*kysluju
|
| vocative
|
*kyslaja
|
*kyslěji
|
*kyslěji
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*kysliji
|
*kyslyję̇
|
*kyslaja
|
| genitive
|
*kyslъjixъ
|
*kyslъjixъ
|
*kyslъjixъ
|
| dative
|
*kyslyjimъ
|
*kyslyjimъ
|
*kyslyjimъ
|
| accusative
|
*kyslyję̇
|
*kyslyję̇
|
*kyslaja
|
| instrumental
|
*kyslyjimi
|
*kyslyjimi
|
*kyslyjimi
|
| locative
|
*kyslyjixъ
|
*kyslyjixъ
|
*kyslyjixъ
|
| vocative
|
*kysliji
|
*kyslyję̇
|
*kyslaja
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Alternative reconstructions
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: ки̏сао (archaic)
- Latin script: kȉsao (archaic)
- Slovene: kísel (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ки́слый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kys(ь)lъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 275
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kỳs(ь)lъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 267: “adj. o (a) ‘sour’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “kysьlъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “a (SA 211); b (PR 134) frugtgrød”