Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kysělъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Possibly a relic l-participle of *kysěti +‎ *-lъ.

Adjective

*kỳsělъ[1]

  1. sour, tangy
    Synonym: *tьrpъkъ

Alternative forms

Declension

Indefinite declension of *kysělъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kysělъ *kysěla *kysělo
genitive *kysěla *kysěly *kysěla
dative *kysělu *kysělě *kysělu
accusative *kysělъ *kysělǫ *kysělo
instrumental *kysělomь *kysělojǫ *kysělomь
locative *kysělě *kysělě *kysělě
vocative *kysěle *kysělo *kysělo
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kysěla *kysělě *kysělě
genitive *kysělu *kysělu *kysělu
dative *kysěloma *kysělama *kysěloma
accusative *kysěla *kysělě *kysělě
instrumental *kysěloma *kysělama *kysěloma
locative *kysělu *kysělu *kysělu
vocative *kysěla *kysělě *kysělě
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kysěli *kysěly *kysěla
genitive *kysělъ *kysělъ *kysělъ
dative *kysělomъ *kysělamъ *kysělomъ
accusative *kysěly *kysěly *kysěla
instrumental *kysěly *kysělami *kysěly
locative *kysělěxъ *kysělaxъ *kysělěxъ
vocative *kysěli *kysěly *kysěla
Definite declension of *kysělъ (hard, accent paradigm a)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kysělъjь *kysělaja *kysěloje
genitive *kysělajego *kysělyję̇ *kysělajego
dative *kysělujemu *kysělěji *kysělujemu
accusative *kysělъjь *kysělǫjǫ *kysěloje
instrumental *kysělyjimь *kysělǫjǫ *kysělyjimь
locative *kysělějemь *kysělěji *kysělějemь
vocative *kysělъjь *kysělaja *kysěloje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kysělaja *kysělěji *kysělěji
genitive *kysěluju *kysěluju *kysěluju
dative *kysělyjima *kysělyjima *kysělyjima
accusative *kysělaja *kysělěji *kysělěji
instrumental *kysělyjima *kysělyjima *kysělyjima
locative *kysěluju *kysěluju *kysěluju
vocative *kysělaja *kysělěji *kysělěji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *kysěliji *kysělyję̇ *kysělaja
genitive *kysělъjixъ *kysělъjixъ *kysělъjixъ
dative *kysělyjimъ *kysělyjimъ *kysělyjimъ
accusative *kysělyję̇ *kysělyję̇ *kysělaja
instrumental *kysělyjimi *kysělyjimi *kysělyjimi
locative *kysělyjixъ *kysělyjixъ *kysělyjixъ
vocative *kysěliji *kysělyję̇ *kysělaja

Derived terms

  • *kysělina (sour substance)
  • *kysělostь, *kysělьstvo (sourness)
  • *kysělьcь (type of herb)
  • *kvasъ (fermented beverage)
  • *kyprъ (plump)

Descendants

  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: кꙑсѣлъ (kysělŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⰽⱏⰹⱄⱑⰾⱏ (kysělŭ)
    • Bulgarian: ки́сел (kísel)
    • Macedonian: кисел (kisel)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ки̏сео
      Latin script: kȉseo
    • Slovene: kísəl (tonal orthography) (more likely from *kyslъ)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ки́слый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kyselъ(jь)/*kysělъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 271
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “кисел²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 385

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kỳselъ; *kỳsělъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 267:adj. o (a) ‘sour’